Measurement of air flow past freight trains through long tunnels

J.A. Karloff, R. Arnold, W.N. Weins, M. Iden, D. K. Petersen
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引用次数: 1

Abstract

The operation of heavily loaded diesel locomotives in long tunnels is a problem due to the inability to provide adequate air flow into the annulus between the train and tunnel walls. The existing solutions are expensive, sometimes ineffective and prone to damage. To understand the dynamics of the air flow in a 2 mile long tunnel, measurements were taken of the flow ahead and behind the train and in the annulus between the train and tunnel walls. Air flow measurements were taken from a cross section at each end of the tunnel 50 feet in from the portals. Air flow instruments were mounted on a swing arm on the tunnel wall to record data while the train was in the tunnel. Flow, temperature and flow direction were measured near the tunnel wall to measure the annulus air properties as the train passed the instrumentation. Results from these tests show that for freight trains the annulus air flow in the direction opposite the train is small, resulting in little flow of fresh air past the locomotive. For more aerodynamic trains such as a passenger train there is a definite annulus air flow that is opposite the train direction. The flow pattern ahead of the train is a well developed parabolic pattern whereas the flow behind the train is essentially uniform across the cross section of the tunnel. The momentum of the air after the train exits the tunnel and the natural draft of the air through the tunnel greatly affect the speed at which the exhaust gases are purged from the tunnel. These data are being used to develop a model to predict air flow patterns in a tunnel.
货运列车通过长隧道时气流的测量
重载柴油机车在长隧道中的运行是一个问题,因为无法提供足够的空气进入列车和隧道壁之间的环空。现有的解决方案昂贵,有时无效,而且容易损坏。为了了解2英里长的隧道中空气流动的动力学,测量了火车前后以及火车和隧道壁之间的环空中的气流。空气流量测量是在距离入口50英尺的隧道两端的横截面上进行的。空气流动仪器安装在隧道壁上的摆臂上,以记录列车在隧道中的数据。在隧道壁面附近测量流量、温度和气流方向,以测量列车通过该仪器时的环空空气特性。试验结果表明,货运列车的反方向环空气流较小,通过机车的新鲜空气流量较小。对于更符合空气动力学的列车,如客运列车,有一个明确的与列车方向相反的环形气流。列车前方的流型是发育良好的抛物线型,而列车后方的流型在隧道的横截面上基本上是均匀的。列车驶出隧道后空气的动量和空气通过隧道的自然气流极大地影响了废气从隧道中排出的速度。这些数据被用来开发一个模型来预测隧道中的气流模式。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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