Damnosa Hereditas

A. W. Mitchell
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Abstract

This chapter looks at the constitutional makeup of the Habsburg state and the limitations it placed on the mobilization of resources. In contrast to its physical geography, the political geography of the Danubian Basin greatly complicated the task of Habsburg empire building. Accumulated in a pell-mell fashion over several centuries, the territorial holdings of the Austrian Habsburgs formed a composite state made up of multiple, historically separate polities, each with its own separate constitutional arrangement with the ruling dynasty. Its human population consisted of more than a dozen ethnic groups, none of which was strong enough to dominate the others. This internal makeup impeded the monarchy’s evolution as a modern state in two ways: by hindering the development of a centralized, efficient state administration and implanting sources of domestic conflict into the social fabric of the state. Both factors shaped Austria’s behavior as a strategic actor, placing it at a disadvantage in competition with more centralized and unified Great Power rivals. Ultimately, these characteristics prevented the monarchy from mobilizing its full power potential, effectively removed territorial expansion as an option for increasing state security, and presented internal vulnerabilities for enemies to exploit in wartime.
Damnosa遗传
本章着眼于哈布斯堡国家的宪法构成及其对资源动员的限制。与其自然地理相反,多瑙河流域的政治地理使哈布斯堡王朝建立帝国的任务变得非常复杂。经过几个世纪的混乱积累,奥地利哈布斯堡王朝的领土形成了一个由多个历史上独立的政体组成的复合国家,每个政体都有自己与统治王朝的独立宪法安排。它的人口由十几个民族组成,没有一个民族强大到足以统治其他民族。这种内部结构从两个方面阻碍了君主制作为现代国家的演变:一是阻碍了中央集权、高效国家管理的发展,二是将国内冲突的根源植入到国家的社会结构中。这两个因素塑造了奥地利作为一个战略参与者的行为,使它在与更集中和统一的大国对手竞争时处于不利地位。最终,这些特点阻碍了君主制调动其全部权力潜力,有效地消除了领土扩张作为增加国家安全的一种选择,并在战时为敌人提供了内部弱点。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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