Unique determination of structure and velocity by 3-D tomographic inversion of reflected and refracted waves

Sinet, Ethiopian Journal of Science Pub Date : 2006-10-12 DOI:10.4314/SINET.V29I1.18256

T. Mammo

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Abstract

Accurate determinations of interface depths and velocity fields are crucial for the oil industries in their search for hydrocarbon reservoirs. However, the so called velocity-depth ambiguity has always been a problem with the seismic reflection data that is normally used in petroleum exploration. In this paper the cause of this velocity-depth ambiguity is examined and a methodology is proposed that minimizes non-uniqueness in the inversion results. It is shown that simultaneous inversion of zero offset and offset reflection data as well as refraction data can reproduce accurate velocity-depth model using only certain picked seismic events. A subsequent 2-D Prestack depth migration based on the Kirchhoff method utilizing the velocity field obtained from the tomographic inversion extracts more information from the data and gives a clear picture of the subsurface. The superiority of the simultaneous inversion of the reflected and refracted waves to that of reflected waves alone is demonstrated using real data. Keywords : inversion, non-uniqueness, pre-stack, tomography, velocity-depth ambiguity SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science Vol. 29(1) 2006: 17–26

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通过反射波和折射波的三维层析反演，独特地确定结构和速度

准确确定界面深度和速度场对于石油工业寻找油气藏至关重要。然而，在石油勘探中通常使用的地震反射数据中，速度-深度模糊一直是一个问题。本文研究了产生速度-深度模糊的原因，并提出了一种最小化反演结果非唯一性的方法。结果表明，零偏移和偏移反射数据以及折射数据的同时反演可以仅使用特定的地震事件就能得到准确的速度-深度模型。随后，基于Kirchhoff方法的二维叠前深度偏移利用层析反演获得的速度场从数据中提取更多信息，并给出了清晰的地下图像。用实际资料证明了同时反演反射波和折射波比单独反演反射波的优越性。关键词:反演，非唯一性，叠前，层析成像，速度-深度模糊SINET:科学学报，Vol. 29(1)， 2006: 17-26

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Sinet, Ethiopian Journal of Science

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