Inotropes, Vasopressors, and Antihypertensive Agents

Abstract

Pharmacologic manipulation of the cardiovascular system is considered one of the cornerstones of day-to-day management of critically ill patients. For formulation of an adequate hemodynamic plan, it is crucial 1) to have a thorough understanding of cardiovascular physiology and its intricate relationship with the autonomic nervous system and 2) to identify a clear hemodynamic goal, such as maintenance of oxygen delivery and perfusion in shock, permissive hypertension in acute stroke, or blood pressure control in hypertensive emergencies.