Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Associated with Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia—A Narrative Review

Abstract

In March 2021, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and thrombocytopenia after vaccination with adenovirus-based vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 were first reported. The underlining condition has been termed vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia (VITT). Anti-platelet factor 4 antibodies have been proposed as a central component of the pathomechanism. Treatment recommendations entailed immunomodulation with intravenous immunoglobulins, avoidance of heparins and avoidance of platelet transfusions. Although mortality from VITT-associated cerebral venous sinus thrombosis has decreased over time, it remains high. The aim of this narrative review is to describe different aspects of this disease according to the current state of knowledge.