Self‐Determination Theory

Abstract

Self-determination theory is an empirically based, organismic theory of human nature that focuses on motivation, personality development, and wellness. Rooted in the assumption that humans are inherently curious, self-motivated, and growth-oriented, there are six mini-theories within the theory: Cognitive evaluations theory focuses on how social environments facilitate or undermine intrinsic motivation. Organismic integration theory describes the process of integration through which extrinsically motivated behaviors becomes autonomous. Causality orientations theory focuses on the individual differences in how people orient to their environment. Basic psychological needs theory has identified three psychological needs – autonomy, competence, and relatedness – the satisfaction or thwarting of which significantly influences human growth and wellness. Goal content theory looks at how pursuing intrinsic and extrinsic goals influences well-being, and relationship motivation theory focuses on what makes high-quality interpersonal relationships possible. Together, the theories give substantial information about what conditions and contexts most consistently lead to human languishing or flourishing.