How to make engineers not stumble in thinking value creation

Abstract

In order to correspond engineer's tendency to stumble in thinking beyond “how to make a technology into a product in general” in their business development, and in order to counteract little focus on this point in current Technology Management education, three frameworks were developed to make them think “what could be the real values out of the proposed business” and “why the business can be probable in real world” with the stress on “who are there in practice” in a wider perspective. These frameworks are verified to serve the purpose sufficiently when tested with people of various backgrounds and nationalities.