Phosphate Foliar Fertilization Can Alleviate Water Deficit Effects on Photosynthesis and Yield

Pimentel, Carlos
{"title":"Phosphate Foliar Fertilization Can Alleviate Water Deficit Effects on Photosynthesis and Yield","authors":"Pimentel, Carlos","doi":"10.54026/esecr/1050","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Slight dehydration of the plant will cause a reduction in cell turgor, especially in leaves, which will immediately paralyze cell growth and protein biosynthesis and decrease the stomatal aperture [1]. In addition, the limitation of CO 2 Assimilation Rate (A) under drought could also be due to the inhibition of Ribulose,1-5, Bisphosphate synthesis because the low ATP content in the chloroplast caused by the loss of ATP synthase activity and inorganic Phosphate (Pi) content in the chloroplast [3]. Therefore, A will be reduced, but not entirely, and carbohydrates synthesis will slow but continue. However, sucrose will not be exported for the growth of other tissues; it will be used only to maintain cell respiration, causing an accumulation of soluble sugars-P in the leaves’ cells [2]. If the water deficit occurs at the pollination stage, the reduction in A and sucrose export for the reproductive organs will cause embryo abortion because of the lack of soluble sugars-P to maintain embryo growth [1]. However, due to growth arrest, sugars-P accumulation in the photosynthetic cells can stop Triose-Phosphate (Triose-P) export from the chloroplast due to the low availability of Pi in the cytoplasm. The export of Triose-P is done by Phosphate Translocator (PT) antiporter in exchange of Pi, and it is controlled by Fructose-2,6-Phosphate (F-2,6-P) concentration in the cytoplasm, which is increased by growth arrest under drought [4]. Therefore, three experiments were conducted with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants to evaluate when applying the Pi in the first and the effect of Pi foliar fertilization on A and yield in the two others. The common bean is an important source of proteins in Latin America. However, it is considered a poor soil phosphorus extractor due to its small root system, with (Ac) of rehydrated A320 with foliar Pi supply was also higher than for non-Pi-supplied plants. There were no significant differences for yield components of Pi supplied genotypes water stressed plants compared to control plants. However, after the drought, the dry seed weight of both genotypes with Pi supply was very close to that of control plants irrigated continuously, but not significantly. In addition, water stressed Ouro Negro without Pi supply presented a significant reduction in dry seed weight compared to control plants irrigated continuously [5]. The results revealed an up-regulation of the recovery of photosynthesis after water deficit induced by the foliar Pi supply, which can increase some yield components in this condition, but it was genotype-specific.","PeriodicalId":140386,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences and Ecology: Current Research (ESECR","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Environmental Sciences and Ecology: Current Research (ESECR","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.54026/esecr/1050","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

Slight dehydration of the plant will cause a reduction in cell turgor, especially in leaves, which will immediately paralyze cell growth and protein biosynthesis and decrease the stomatal aperture [1]. In addition, the limitation of CO 2 Assimilation Rate (A) under drought could also be due to the inhibition of Ribulose,1-5, Bisphosphate synthesis because the low ATP content in the chloroplast caused by the loss of ATP synthase activity and inorganic Phosphate (Pi) content in the chloroplast [3]. Therefore, A will be reduced, but not entirely, and carbohydrates synthesis will slow but continue. However, sucrose will not be exported for the growth of other tissues; it will be used only to maintain cell respiration, causing an accumulation of soluble sugars-P in the leaves’ cells [2]. If the water deficit occurs at the pollination stage, the reduction in A and sucrose export for the reproductive organs will cause embryo abortion because of the lack of soluble sugars-P to maintain embryo growth [1]. However, due to growth arrest, sugars-P accumulation in the photosynthetic cells can stop Triose-Phosphate (Triose-P) export from the chloroplast due to the low availability of Pi in the cytoplasm. The export of Triose-P is done by Phosphate Translocator (PT) antiporter in exchange of Pi, and it is controlled by Fructose-2,6-Phosphate (F-2,6-P) concentration in the cytoplasm, which is increased by growth arrest under drought [4]. Therefore, three experiments were conducted with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants to evaluate when applying the Pi in the first and the effect of Pi foliar fertilization on A and yield in the two others. The common bean is an important source of proteins in Latin America. However, it is considered a poor soil phosphorus extractor due to its small root system, with (Ac) of rehydrated A320 with foliar Pi supply was also higher than for non-Pi-supplied plants. There were no significant differences for yield components of Pi supplied genotypes water stressed plants compared to control plants. However, after the drought, the dry seed weight of both genotypes with Pi supply was very close to that of control plants irrigated continuously, but not significantly. In addition, water stressed Ouro Negro without Pi supply presented a significant reduction in dry seed weight compared to control plants irrigated continuously [5]. The results revealed an up-regulation of the recovery of photosynthesis after water deficit induced by the foliar Pi supply, which can increase some yield components in this condition, but it was genotype-specific.
磷肥叶面施能缓解水分亏缺对光合和产量的影响
植物的轻微脱水会导致细胞膨胀减少,尤其是叶片,这将立即使细胞生长和蛋白质生物合成瘫痪,气孔孔径减小[1]。此外,干旱条件下CO 2同化速率(A)的限制也可能是由于叶绿体中ATP合酶活性和无机磷酸盐(Pi)含量下降导致的低ATP含量导致核酮糖、1-5、二磷酸合成受到抑制[3]。因此,A会减少,但不是全部,碳水化合物的合成会减慢,但会继续。然而,蔗糖不会出口用于其他组织的生长;它将仅用于维持细胞呼吸,导致叶片细胞中可溶性糖- p的积累[2]。如果在授粉阶段出现水分亏缺,则由于缺乏维持胚胎生长的可溶性糖- p,导致生殖器官输出的A和蔗糖减少,导致胚胎流产[1]。然而,由于生长停滞,光合细胞中糖- p的积累可以阻止叶绿体中磷酸三糖(Triose-P)的输出,因为细胞质中π的利用率很低。磷酸三糖- p的输出是由磷酸转运蛋白(Phosphate Translocator, PT)反转运蛋白交换Pi完成的,它受到细胞质中果糖-2,6-磷酸(f -2,6- p)浓度的控制,干旱条件下生长停滞会增加果糖-2,6-磷酸(f -2,6- p)浓度[4]。因此,本研究以普通豆科植物为研究对象,进行了3个试验,以评价在第一个试验中施用Pi,以及在另外两个试验中施用Pi叶面施肥对A和产量的影响。在拉丁美洲,普通豆是蛋白质的重要来源。然而,由于其根系较小,被认为是一个较差的土壤磷提取器,在叶面提供Pi的情况下,A320的(Ac)也高于不提供Pi的植物。水分胁迫植株的产量组成与对照植株相比无显著差异。干旱后,两种基因型的干粒重均与连续灌溉的对照植株非常接近,但差异不显著。此外,与连续灌溉的对照植株相比,在缺水条件下,无Pi供应的黑黑树干粒重显著降低[5]。结果表明,水分亏缺后叶片的光合作用恢复有所上调,增加了部分产量成分,但具有基因型特异性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信