EKSPANSI PERKEBUNAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN PENDUDUK DI SUMATRA TIMUR, 1863-1942

Devi Itawan
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Abstract

This paper aims to examine the population growth issue in East Sumatra during the colonial period, which is closely related to the interests of the plantation industry. The limited historiography of East Sumatra underlies this paper because it interprets population growth as a matter of capitalist plantation production relations. East Sumatra has experienced significant population growth since plantation companies initiated and encouraged migration to meet the need for cheap labor for accumulation. Applying historical methods and a political economy approach, this paper emphasizes that population growth directly implies capitalist plantation production relations. An important conclusion from this study is that changes in the population structure in East Sumatra during the colonial period were closely related to the interests of labor issues of the plantation industry. The forced labor regime under the poenale sanction scheme prompted Chinese labour migration. Furthermore, the poenale sanctie eradication has shifted the labor regime to the free worker promoting the colonization program of Javanese coolies. This shift eventually greatly influenced the structure and composition of the East Sumatra population. It is important to note that this study includes the migration outside the interests of the plantation industry, which was carried out independently by residents in the vicinity who were interested in East Sumatra’s economic growth.
种植园的扩张和东苏门答腊人口的增长,1863-1942年
本文旨在研究殖民时期东苏门答腊的人口增长问题,这与种植业的利益密切相关。东苏门答腊有限的史学是本文的基础,因为它将人口增长解释为资本主义种植园生产关系的问题。自从种植园公司发起并鼓励移民以满足对廉价劳动力的积累需求以来,东苏门答腊经历了显著的人口增长。本文运用历史方法和政治经济学方法,强调人口增长直接蕴涵着资本主义种植园生产关系。本研究的一个重要结论是,殖民时期东苏门答腊人口结构的变化与种植业劳工问题的利益密切相关。在潜在制裁计划下的强迫劳动制度促使中国劳动力迁移。此外,根除神权使劳动制度转向自由工人,促进了爪哇苦力的殖民化计划。这种转变最终极大地影响了东苏门答腊人口的结构和组成。值得注意的是,这项研究包括种植园产业利益之外的迁移,这是由附近居民独立进行的,他们对东苏门答腊的经济增长感兴趣。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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