The period of manufacture through the four-sided carved Buddha statues in Gulbul Temple Site in Gyeongju

Abstract

Seokjosa-myeon Buddha statue of Gulbulsa Temple Site is a representative one-year work of Unified Silla sculpture, as there is a literature record that it was already built from 742 to 764 during the reign of King Gyeongdeok by the 4th 사Sabulsan Gulbulsan Mountain Manbulsan조에. Nevertheless, several questions have been raised as to whether each statue of the Buddha in Seokjosa-myeon was produced at the same time and whether it was created during the reign of King Gyeongdeok. Accordingly, this paper compared and reviewed the method and style of the construction of each statue of the Four Sided Stone Buddha with those created in China, Japan, and the Unified Silla Period to present the relationship between the ancestors and the time of construction. The earliest period of the construction of the stone Buddha at Gulbulsa Temple Site was in the early 8th century, and the latest one was in the late 8th century to the early 9th century. In other words, it was considered that the standing Buddha and Bodhisattva in the south and the standing Buddha in the north did not exceed the lower limit of 764 years after the upper limit of 719. Standing Amitabha Buddha in Seomyeon and Seated Bhaisajyaguru Buddha in Dongmyeon are in the middle of the 8th century. Standing Bhaisabha Bodhisattva in Seomyeon is in the middle of the 8th centuryIt was suggested that it was built in the early 9th century. In particular, the left arm of the standing statue of Amitabha Buddha and the side of the pedestal are neatly cut, and artificial traces of being pecked on the rock wall on the right side of the standing statue of Amitabha continue to the damaged part of the southern side. In this regard, based on the records that King Gyeongdeok built a temple at the site of the Four Stone Buddhas after his visit to the Three Kingdoms, it is highly likely that the statue was newly built at the time of the temple's construction. The latest statues of the Bodhisattva are 11 sides, 6 sides, 11 sides, 6 sides, and 6 sides, including the Gilt-bronze 11 sides, 6 sides, 6 sides, and the National Museum of India, 11th and 10th centuries. In addition, it was set from the late 8th century to the early 9th century in that the construction period of the 11-sided Gwaneum Bodhisattva in the Unified Silla Period was in the 8th to 9th centuries. The existence name of each statue placed on the slope was "Kofuku Jiryugi" and "Kofukuji Acting" described in the 3rd year of Changtae (900), and under the control of the Southern Buddha, it was established as "Shin Line-hyungil" and "Amitabha-myeon" in the north of Silla.