METHODS FOR CALCULATING WATER USE FOR DAIRY PRODUCTS PRODUCTION ENTERPRISES, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE PROCESSED RAW MATERIALS AND TYPES OF PRODUCED PRODUCTS

P. Zakharko, S. A. Dubianok
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Abstract

Regulation of water use at industrial enterprises, especially at water-intensive enterprises, in a changing climate is an important economic and environmental task. One of the ways of sustainable water use at enterprises is the constant planning of water consumption and wastewater disposal in relation to the volumes and types of products produced. From a scientific point of view, at water-intensive enterprises, the most reasonable approach to optimizing water use is the development of individual technological standards for water use (water consumption and disposal). Dairy enterprises are quite water- intensive, the water use of which depends on a number of factors: assortment of raw materials for the production of products and types of products; diversification of production processes; the formation and processing of by-products, which often leads to an increase in the volume of wastewater formation in relation to the volume of water consumption; technologies for sanitizing equipment. Taking into account the specifics of production processes, a Methodology for calculating water use for enterprises for the production of dairy products, taking into account the processed raw materials and manufactured products, has been developed. The Methodology substantiates the need to change the terminology in terms of water use rationing, developed criteria for choosing two approaches to the development of individual technological standards for water use, detailed articles of water consumption and water disposal, and clarified certain parameters for their calculation. Approbation of the Methodology showed that the proposed approaches and individual parameters for calculating water use items allow the enterprise to more accurately predict the volumes of water consumption and wastewater disposal when planning production activities, which is especially important for water-intensive industries in conditions of limited available water resources.
考虑加工原料和产品种类的乳制品生产企业用水量计算方法
在气候变化的情况下,对工业企业,特别是用水密集型企业的用水进行管制是一项重要的经济和环境任务。企业可持续用水的方法之一是根据生产的产品的数量和类型不断规划用水量和废水处理。从科学的观点来看,在用水密集的企业,优化用水的最合理办法是为用水(水的消耗和处理)制订个别的技术标准。乳品企业耗水量很大,其用水量取决于以下几个因素:生产产品的原材料种类和产品类型;生产过程多样化;副产品的形成和处理,这往往导致废水的形成量相对于用水量增加;消毒设备技术。考虑到生产过程的具体情况,已经制定了一种计算乳制品生产企业用水量的方法,其中考虑到加工的原材料和制成品。《方法》表明,有必要改变供水配给方面的术语,制定了选择两种方法的标准,以制定单独的用水技术标准,详细说明了用水和水处理的条款,并澄清了计算这些标准的某些参数。对该方法的认可表明,所提出的计算用水项目的方法和个别参数使企业在规划生产活动时能够更准确地预测用水量和废水处理量,这对水资源有限的情况下的用水密集型工业尤其重要。
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