Evaluation of the effectiveness of using biodegradable implants based on magnesium oxide compared to titanium alternatives. Experimental study

Abstract

The issues of improving surgical implants used in treating patients with traumatological and orthopedic profiles continue to remain relevant. The development of a material not inferior in its elastic-strength properties to metal and that does not require further removal remains a reason for studying new samples that are inert during resorption. The purpose of this study was to experimentally explore and compare the bone tissue reaction to the introduction of titanium and magnesium oxide implants, as well as to study the state of magnesium oxide structures at different times after implantation. The material for the study was an implant based on magnesium oxide manufactured by the «MAGNEZIX» company. We operated on 30 rabbits based on the experimental laboratory of the Main Military Clinical Hospital named after academician N.N. Burdenko Russian Defense Ministry. The main group consisted of 10 rabbits, which were injected with a biodegradable screw made of a material based on magnesium oxide. The control group included 10 rabbits, which were injected with a titanium screw. In addition, another group of rabbits was studied. It included 10 young subjects who were injected with an implant based on magnesium oxide into the growth zone. Subjects were removed from the experiment one at a time at various stages. Then X-ray and histological assessment of the paraimplant zone were performed. As a result, the experiment showed that biomaterials based on magnesium oxide are bioinert, do not cause an inflammation reaction or osteolysis of the surrounding tissue, do not lead to the release of gas and the formation of a pathological cavity. During the introduction of magnesium-containing implants to young subjects, no pathological changes in bone tissue, deformities or stunting in the growth of the studied individuals were detected. Based on the obtained experimental data gathered for 6 months, it should be concluded that the material based on magnesium oxide is very promising and suitable for use in traumatology and orthopedics.