Hamlet as Philosopher

Rhodri Lewis
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Abstract

This chapter assesses Hamlet's reason and his accomplishments as a philosopher. It outlines the rudiments of philosophy as the early moderns understood it, before establishing a dialogue between these models of philosophy and the text of Hamlet. In and through the figure of Hamlet, William Shakespeare exposes not only the limitations of humanist philosophy but the inadequacy of most attempts to supplant it at the cusp of the seventeenth century. The chapter then examines Hamlet's efforts to understand the nature of the universe to which he belongs, the status of humankind within it, and the nature of being. After probing Hamlet's deliberations on vengeance, it follows his turn towards questions of religion and of theology, and especially towards those of providence. One of the many remarkable features of Hamlet's attachment to providence is that he takes it not to be the harmonious but largely inscrutable force through which the universe was created and now operates, but as something to be invoked and appropriated in service of his moral deliberations.
哲学家哈姆雷特
本章评估哈姆雷特的理性和他作为哲学家的成就。在建立这些哲学模式与《哈姆雷特》文本之间的对话之前,它概述了早期现代人所理解的哲学基础。通过哈姆雷特这个人物,威廉·莎士比亚不仅暴露了人文主义哲学的局限性,而且暴露了在十七世纪初,大多数试图取代它的尝试都是不充分的。这一章接着考察了哈姆雷特如何努力理解他所属的宇宙的本质,人类在其中的地位,以及存在的本质。在探讨了哈姆雷特对复仇的思考之后,它跟随他转向宗教和神学问题,尤其是那些关于天意的问题。哈姆雷特对天意的依恋有许多显著的特点,其中之一就是他不把天意看作是和谐的、但在很大程度上是不可思议的力量,宇宙就是通过这种力量创造出来的,现在也正是通过这种力量运作的,他把天意看作是一种可以用来为他的道德思考服务的东西。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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