Quantum statistical mechanics

J. Sethna
{"title":"Quantum statistical mechanics","authors":"J. Sethna","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198865247.003.0007","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Quantum statistical mechanics governs metals, semiconductors, and neutron stars. Statistical mechanics spawned Planck’s invention of the quantum, and explains Bose condensation, superfluids, and superconductors. This chapter briefly describes these systems using mixed states, or more formally density matrices, and introducing the properties of bosons and fermions. We discuss in unusual detail how useful descriptions of metals and superfluids can be derived by ignoring the seemingly important interactions between their constituent electrons and atoms. Exercises explore how gregarious bosons lead to superfluids and lasers, how unsociable fermions explain transitions between white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes, how one calculates materials properties in semiconductors, insulators, and metals, and how statistical mechanics can explain the collapse of the quantum wavefunction during measurement.","PeriodicalId":218123,"journal":{"name":"Statistical Mechanics: Entropy, Order Parameters, and Complexity","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"712","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Statistical Mechanics: Entropy, Order Parameters, and Complexity","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865247.003.0007","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 712

Abstract

Quantum statistical mechanics governs metals, semiconductors, and neutron stars. Statistical mechanics spawned Planck’s invention of the quantum, and explains Bose condensation, superfluids, and superconductors. This chapter briefly describes these systems using mixed states, or more formally density matrices, and introducing the properties of bosons and fermions. We discuss in unusual detail how useful descriptions of metals and superfluids can be derived by ignoring the seemingly important interactions between their constituent electrons and atoms. Exercises explore how gregarious bosons lead to superfluids and lasers, how unsociable fermions explain transitions between white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes, how one calculates materials properties in semiconductors, insulators, and metals, and how statistical mechanics can explain the collapse of the quantum wavefunction during measurement.
量子统计力学
量子统计力学支配着金属、半导体和中子星。统计力学催生了普朗克的量子发明,并解释了玻色凝聚、超流体和超导体。本章简要描述这些系统使用混合状态,或更正式的密度矩阵,并介绍玻色子和费米子的性质。我们非常详细地讨论了金属和超流体是如何通过忽略它们的组成电子和原子之间看似重要的相互作用而得到有用的描述的。练习探索群居的玻色子如何导致超流体和激光,不群居的费米子如何解释白矮星、中子星和黑洞之间的跃迁,如何计算半导体、绝缘体和金属中的材料特性,以及统计力学如何解释测量过程中量子波函数的坍缩。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信