6. Remedies in EU Law:

Abstract

This chapter brings together a number of related issues indirectly linked to the preliminary ruling procedure under Article 267 TFEU—the vehicle by which the leading principles and remedies in EU law were developed by the Court of Justice; in particular, the means by which EU law could be enforced by individuals via the national courts, rather than by the Commission or other institutions, or member states in direct actions before the CJEU. The discussions cover Article 267 TFEU; direct applicability and direct effects; state liability; and national procedural law and the system of remedies.