Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicle Application

Abstract

Development of advanced renewable energy storage systems is crucially important to combat the increased usage of fossil fuels. Secondary batteries are superior to other energy storage technologies due to their high energy density and conversion efficiencies (Figure 1). In recent years, secondary lithium-ion batteries become an integrated part of our life due to its widespread use in consumer electronics, medical devices and electric vehicles [1]. However, implementation of current generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in commercial electric vehicles are limited by their low energy density (100-250Wh kg-1) and power density (250-400W kg-1) [2]. Pack level energy density exceeding 350Wh kg-1 is necessary for electric vehicles with a driving range of 500km [3]. In this regard, many approaches are being pursued to improve the electrochemical performance of Li-ion battery electrochemistry with the use of high-performance nanostructured electrode materials.