DYNAMICS OF PERIODONTAL TISSUE DAMAGE AND PECULIARITIES OF PREVENTIVE MEASURES AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN

Abstract

Pregnancy is a critical period for a woman's dental health and is characterized by changes in the level and structure of oral diseases. The course of pregnancy is a significant psycho-emotional, immunological and metabolic burden for the female body. Complex psycho-physiological changes in the body during pregnancy are accompanied by pronounced disorders of the oral cavity. The aim of the study was to study the dynamics of periodontal tissue damage during pregnancy and to identify the peculiarities of different methods of prophylactic and therapeutic and preventive measures. A comprehensive dental study was conducted in 170 pregnant women aged 18 to 40 years according to the WHO methodology. The results of the study indicate a significant prevalence (according to the PMA index) of periodontal pathology among pregnant women,the severity of which increases with age and gestational age (from 41.7% to 78.8%). The severity of disease (according to the CPITN index) was clinically characterized by bleeding gums (45.56%), dental plaque and calculus (30.55%), and periodontal pockets (13.57%). The highest incidence of inflammatory phenomena in periodontal tissues occurs in the second trimester, and the critical increase - in the third trimester, indicating the need for a differentiated approach in choosing the timing of preventive examinations of pregnant women and developing differentiated treatment and preventive programs based on the prevailing dental pathologies. Keywords: Pregnancy, periodontal pathology, dental status