Human-centered Multimodal Machine Intelligence

Abstract

Multimodal machine intelligence offers enormous possibilities for helping understand the human condition and in creating technologies to support and enhance human experiences [1, 2]. What makes such approaches and systems exciting is the promise they hold for adaptation and personalization in the presence of the rich and vast inherent heterogeneity, variety and diversity within and across people. Multimodal engineering approaches can help analyze human trait (e.g., age), state (e.g., emotion), and behavior dynamics (e.g., interaction synchrony) objectively, and at scale. Machine intelligence could also help detect and analyze deviation in patterns from what is deemed typical. These techniques in turn can assist, facilitate or enhance decision making by humans, and by autonomous systems. Realizing such a promise requires addressing two major lines of, oft intertwined, challenges: creating inclusive technologies that work for everyone while enabling tools that can illuminate the source of variability or difference of interest. This talk will highlight some of these possibilities and opportunities through examples drawn from two specific domains. The first relates to advancing health informatics in behavioral and mental health [3, 4]. With over 10% of the world's population affected, and with clinical research and practice heavily dependent on (relatively scarce) human expertise in diagnosing, managing and treating the condition, engineering opportunities in offering access and tools to support care at scale are immense. For example, in determining whether a child is on the Autism spectrum, a clinician would engage and observe a child in a series of interactive activities, targeting relevant cognitive, communicative and socio- emotional aspects, and codify specific patterns of interest e.g., typicality of vocal intonation, facial expressions, joint attention behavior. Machine intelligence driven processing of speech, language, visual and physiological data, and combining them with other forms of clinical data, enable novel and objective ways of supporting and scaling up these diagnostics. Likewise, multimodal systems can automate the analysis of a psychotherapy session, including computing treatment quality-assurance measures e.g., rating a therapist's expressed empathy. These technology possibilities can go beyond the traditional realm of clinics, directly to patients in their natural settings. For example, remote multimodal sensing of biobehavioral cues can enable new ways for screening and tracking behaviors (e.g., stress in workplace) and progress to treatment (e.g., for depression), and offer just in time support. The second example is drawn from the world of media. Media are created by humans and for humans to tell stories. They cover an amazing range of domains'from the arts and entertainment to news, education and commerce and in staggering volume. Machine intelligence tools can help analyze media and measure their impact on individuals and society. This includes offering objective insights into diversity and inclusion in media representations through robustly characterizing media portrayals from an intersectional perspective along relevant dimensions of inclusion: gender, race, gender, age, ability and other attributes, and in creating tools to support change [5,6]. Again this underscores the twin technology requirements: to perform equally well in characterizing individuals regardless of the dimensions of the variability, and use those inclusive technologies to shine light on and create tools to support diversity and inclusion.