Stress quantification in a composite matrix via mechanophores

J. Gohl, Tristan J. Wiley, Hao Chang, Chi-Chih Chang, C. Davis
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Abstract

Stress concentrations in polymer matrix composites occur due to non-uniform loadings which develop near the interface between the matrix and reinforcement in a stressed composite. Methods to better understand the evolution of this stress concentration are required for the development of advanced composites. Mechanophores, which are stress responsive molecules, can be embedded into the polymer matrix and used to quantify the local stresses in a loaded composite. In this work, single particle model composites were fabricated by combining functionalized glass particles embedded into a silicone/mechanophore matrix. Confocal microscopy was then used to measure the mechanophore activation in situ during mechanical loading. The fluorescence intensity was correlated to maximum principal stress values obtained from a finite element analysis (FEA) model of the system utilizing an Ogden hyperelastic model to represent the elastomer. By calibrating stress to fluorescence intensity spatially, quantitative stress measurements can be obtained directly from fluorescent images. To validate this technique, calibrated stress values for a two-particle composite system were compared to a FEA model and good agreement was found. Further experiments were performed on silicone matrix composites containing short cylindrical particles oriented with their major axis parallel or perpendicular to the stretching direction. To demonstrate the versatility of the single particle intensity/stress calibration approach, maximum principal stress values were mapped on the fluorescence images of the cylindrical experiments. This technique has potential to quantify stress concentrations quickly and accurately in new composite designs without the use of FEA models or differential image correlation.
通过机械载体对复合基质中的应力进行量化
聚合物基复合材料中的应力集中是由于在应力复合材料中基体和增强材料之间的界面附近发生的不均匀载荷引起的。为了开发先进的复合材料,需要更好地了解这种应力集中的演变。机械载体是一种应力响应分子,可以嵌入到聚合物基体中,用于量化负载复合材料中的局部应力。在这项工作中,通过将功能化玻璃颗粒嵌入有机硅/机械基团矩阵中来制备单颗粒模型复合材料。然后用共聚焦显微镜测量机械加载过程中机械团的原位激活。荧光强度与系统的有限元分析(FEA)模型获得的最大主应力值相关,利用Ogden超弹性模型来表示弹性体。通过将应力与荧光强度在空间上进行校准,可以直接从荧光图像中获得定量应力测量。为了验证该技术,将两颗粒复合材料系统的校准应力值与有限元模型进行了比较,发现两者吻合良好。在硅基复合材料上进行了长轴与拉伸方向平行或垂直的短圆柱颗粒定向实验。为了证明单粒子强度/应力校准方法的通用性,将最大主应力值映射到圆柱形实验的荧光图像上。该技术有可能在新的复合材料设计中快速准确地量化应力集中,而无需使用有限元模型或差分图像相关。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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