Optimization of Fortified Section Length in HIPPS System

K. Kapadia, Neil Rodrigues, Justin B. Hayes, Jade Juzswik, Yogesh Kapoor
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Abstract

In the recent era of low commodity prices, the offshore oil & gas industry has focused on economic tie-backs rather than standalone projects to exploit potentially stranded reserves in the Gulf of Mexico. High pressure tie-backs to existing infrastructure may be lucrative, but they are often challenging with respect to pressure & safety ratings. A high integrity pressure protection system (HIPPS) can be used to safely contain pressures in a subsea flowline system when the shut-in tubing pressure (SITP) of a well exceeds the maximum allowable operating pressure (MAOP) of the tieback. As stated in API Standard 17O, a HIPPS system should be designed with highly responsive control systems, fast acting safety valves, and fortified sections of pipe known as "burst free zones." The burst free zone is designed to have a higher MAOP than the rest of the flowline system. Optimizing the length of this zone can be achieved by accurately determining both the SITP and the time it takes for the system to reach the maximum SITP. These two key parameters are dictated by how the reservoir pressure responds during shut-in. With the availability of fast-transient multiphase flow simulation, it is possible to simulate the SITP and optimize the fortified section length. However, currently-available thermodynamic multiphase flow simulators do not provide an option to simulate near-wellbore reservoir phenomena. These software packages only simulate the shut-in of the well as an instantaneous pressure buildup, which is often very conservative for HIPPS and predicts fortified sections lengths that are longer than necessary. To simulate appropriate pressure buildup from the reservoir, a multiphase transient package is coupled with a reservoir simulation software that accounts for reservoir response and near-wellbore behavior. This model more accurately simulates the time required to reach the SITP, thus optimizing the selection of fortified section lengths. Additionally, reservoir and production factors that influence the fortified section length were also studied. One of the main influencing factors identified was fluid GOR. This is because a higher GOR fluid is more compressible; therefore, the time it takes to reach the maximum SITP increases, ultimately decreasing the required fortified section length. This paper will discuss how to apply known reservoir pressure responses to a coupled reservoir and multiphase transient simulator tieback scheme to optimize fortified section lengths when a HIPPS system is applied. It will also analyze the influence that production and reservoir characteristics have on the fortified section length and discuss how to optimize that length.
HIPPS系统加固段长度优化
在最近商品价格低迷的时代,海上油气行业将重点放在经济回接上,而不是开发墨西哥湾潜在的搁浅储量的独立项目。高压回接现有基础设施可能有利可图,但它们通常在压力和安全评级方面具有挑战性。当油井关井油管压力(SITP)超过回接的最大允许工作压力(MAOP)时,高完整性压力保护系统(HIPPS)可用于安全控制海底管线系统中的压力。正如API标准17O中所述,HIPPS系统应设计具有高响应控制系统、快速安全阀和被称为“无爆裂区”的强化管道部分。无爆裂区域的MAOP设计高于管线系统的其他部分。通过精确地确定SITP和系统达到最大SITP所需的时间,可以优化该区域的长度。这两个关键参数取决于关井期间储层压力的变化。随着快速瞬态多相流模拟技术的应用,可以模拟井壁SITP并对加固段长度进行优化。然而,目前可用的热力学多相流模拟器无法模拟近井油藏现象。这些软件包只能模拟井关井的瞬时压力累积,这对于HIPPS来说通常是非常保守的,并且预测加固段的长度比必要的要长。为了模拟来自油藏的适当压力积累,将多相瞬态包与油藏模拟软件相结合,该软件可以解释油藏响应和近井行为。该模型更准确地模拟了达到SITP所需的时间,从而优化了加固段长度的选择。此外,还研究了影响加固段长度的储层和生产因素。确定的主要影响因素之一是流体GOR。这是因为GOR越高,流体的压缩性越强;因此,达到最大SITP所需的时间增加,最终减少了所需的加固段长度。本文将讨论如何将已知的油藏压力响应应用于耦合油藏和多相瞬态模拟器回接方案,以优化应用HIPPS系统时的加固段长度。分析了生产特征和储层特征对加固段长度的影响,并对如何优化加固段长度进行了探讨。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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