A Global Perspective on Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease in Children

Abstract

Children who have chronic kidney disease (CKD) are more likely to get sick, die, and have a lower quality of life (QOL) throughout their whole lives. The prevalence and frequency of CKD have progressively grown [1, 2]. The epidemiological landscape reveals that, globally, CKD is ranked as the sixth fastest-growing cause of mortality, afflicting around 10% of people in developed nations [3, 4]. Between 6% and 12% of the world’s population, or around 850 million individuals, are thought to have CKD, and at least 2.4 million of them pass away each year [5, 6]. Worldwide, CKD is a significant public health issue, and much adult epidemiological research has been conducted (Figure 1). On the other hand, nothing is known regarding the epidemiology of CKD in children. The historical absence of a uniform definition and well-defined categorization of CKD is one potential explanation for the limited knowledge of the epidemiology of CKD in the pediatric population. Following the release, its innovative characterization was profoundly influenced; nonetheless, there has been much discourse over its failings and potential improvements [7]. Although, currently available techniques for measuring glomerular filtration in children are improving, it is still difficult to accurately measure renal function using estimated formulas, of kidney damage. Incidences of ESRD (end-stage renal disease) have remained steady overall throughout the past 30 years, which is particularly regarding the pediatric age group world [8, 9] Regarding both the maturity level population, there were about 9 children and adolescents with ESRD in 2008, with the United States having a higher median of 15.5 [10]. The most recent occurrence in France was 8.7 parts in 2015. Although these initiatives have contributed to a better knowledge of CKD and ESRD in young people, more research needs to be done to improve the outcomes for these children.