The comparative evaluation of the criteria used to determine the critical values of the partial density of carbon monoxide as part of the calculation of time to the blocking of escape routes in case of a room fire

S. Puzach, R. A. Cherepanov, R. Akperov
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Abstract

Introduction. Critical values of the partial density of gas, the toxic dose or relative mass of carboxyhemoglobin in human blood serve as the criteria determining the time to the blocking of escape routes due to the presence of carbon monoxide. However, the comparative analysis of the effect produced by the selected criterion on the time to the blocking of escape routes due to the presence of this gas has not been conducted yet.Goals and objectives. The purpose of the article is to compare the values of the time to the blocking of escape routes by carbon monoxide obtained using various methods of determining the critical values of the carbon monoxide density. Towards this end, experimental studies on combustion processes of various solid and liquid combustible substances and materials were conducted in a small-scale test unit, and calculations of the time to the blocking of escape routes with carbon monoxide were made on their basis.Theoretical fundamentals. The amount of carbon monoxide, inhaled during a fire, is calculated using experimentally measured partial densities of CO and mathematical models designated for the calculation of the toxic dose of this gas and formation of carboxyhemoglobin in human blood.Results and discussion. Experimental dependencies between the testing time and medium-volume densities of monoxide emitted during the combustion of the “low smoke” PVC cable sheathing, timber (pinewood), chocolate, transformer oil and vegetable oil are presented. The authors obtained theoretical dependencies between the toxic dose and mass concentration of carboxyhemoglobin in human blood, on the one hand, and the time for the combustible materials, analyzed in the article. It has been found that the values of time to the blocking of escape routes due to the presence of carbon monoxide may differ significantly depending on the method used to determine the critical values of the carbon monoxide density.Conclusions. Standard methods, used to calculate the time to the blocking of escape routes due to the presence of carbon monoxide, employ the value of the critical partial density which may involve a substantial overestimation of the above time frame and the underestimation of the toxic effect produced on a person in the process of his/her evacuation. Therefore, it is necessary to apply all methods, discussed in the article, to select the minimum value of the above time frame.
对用于确定一氧化碳偏密度临界值的标准进行比较评价,该临界值是在房间发生火灾时计算堵塞逃生路线所需时间的一部分
介绍。气体偏密度的临界值、人体血液中碳氧血红蛋白的毒性剂量或相对质量可作为确定由于一氧化碳的存在而使逃生路线受阻的时间的标准。然而,目前还没有对所选标准对由于这种气体的存在而阻塞逃生路线的时间所产生的影响进行比较分析。目标和目的。本文的目的是比较用各种测定一氧化碳密度临界值的方法所得到的一氧化碳堵塞逃生路线的时间值。为此,在小型试验装置上对各种固体和液体可燃物质和材料的燃烧过程进行了实验研究,并在此基础上计算了用一氧化碳堵塞逃生通道的时间。理论基础。火灾中吸入的一氧化碳的量是通过实验测量的CO的部分密度和用于计算这种气体的毒性剂量和人体血液中碳氧血红蛋白形成的数学模型来计算的。结果和讨论。给出了“低烟”聚氯乙烯电缆护套、木材(松木)、巧克力、变压器油和植物油燃烧过程中一氧化碳排放的中体积密度与测试时间之间的实验依赖关系。得到了人体血液中碳氧血红蛋白的毒性剂量和质量浓度与可燃物质的时间之间的理论依赖关系。已经发现,由于一氧化碳的存在而堵塞逃生路线的时间值可能会因所用方法的不同而有很大的不同,这取决于测定一氧化碳密度临界值的方法。用于计算由于一氧化碳的存在而使逃生路线堵塞的时间的标准方法,采用了临界偏密度的值,这可能涉及对上述时间范围的严重高估和对在他/她的疏散过程中对人产生的毒性作用的低估。因此,有必要应用文中讨论的所有方法来选择上述时间框架的最小值。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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