ESSENCE, CONTENT AND MAIN FEATURES OF THE JUDICIARY

Abstract

The article considers the essence, content and main features of the judiciary. Different approaches of domestic and foreign scholars to the definition of the concept and content of the judiciary are analyzed. It is determined that the judiciary in a democratic state governed by the rule of law, in essence, belongs to the system of democracy. It ensures the realization of the most important constitutional rights and freedoms of man and citizen, the rights of communities and the people as a whole. The democratic foundations of the organization and functioning of the judiciary (the presence of juries, the independence of judges, the adversarial nature of the parties) make it possible to consider it as a “special channel for the exercise of people’s power”. The Constitution of Ukraine, along with the consolidation of the signs of statehood for the judiciary, with its norms introduces in more detail the principle of the primacy of democracy in the exercise of judicial power. It is noted that such concepts as “judiciary”, “judicial system”, “justice” are related, but not identical. It has been established that the judiciary, by its purpose and functions, has a special advantage among other branches of government, as there is no such activity of the state that would not be subject to judicial control. The jurisdiction of the court extends to all legal relations arising in the state. In the system of counterbalances, the judiciary is endowed with a legal opportunity to influence the decisions and actions of the legislature and the executive, to “balance” them. These powers are fully exercised by the courts in the administration of justice. The main features of the judiciary are identified, which are exclusivity, independence, completeness, subordination, unity, independence, enshrined at the constitutional and legal level and interconnected and interdependent. It is noted that the constitutional modernization of the judiciary in Ukraine, which is not yet complete, should be based on understanding its essence and content, to improve the judicial mechanism of protection of citizens, the role in the development of legal and democratic statehood. The creation of a dynamic and effective judiciary is a prerequisite for the stabilization of the entire state system, the successful integration of our state into the legal field of civilized countries, the key to its progress.