Using Q methodology in comparative policy analysis

Abstract

Objective policy measures, free from preferences, do they exist? Numerous scholars and practitioners would argue that they do not (Brown, 1974; Howlett, 2009; Peters & Hoornbeek, 2005; Scharpf, 2000; Wlezien, 2004). Authors say that ideas about the nature of knowledge, the approach, envisioned outcomes, spending and politics associated with policy solutions differ among stakeholders, politicians, civil servants and citizens (Peters, 1998). In other words, both the problem and solutions are often viewed by multiple stakeholders, who have different interests and values, from a different angle. This is typically how wicked and complex policy problems are described (Rittel & Webber, 1973; Termeer, Dewulf, & Breeman, 2013).