Regulation of Recreational Loads to Slope Landscapes as the Basis for Sustainable Development of the Territory of the Cheboksary Agglomeration of the Chuvash Republic

Abstract

Book DOI: 10.21467/abstracts.93 Directly in the coastal area of the river Volga, where mainly abrasion-landslide and abrasion-talus processes develop, the main types of tracts are identified: 1) abrasion-landslide ledges on the root slopes of the Volga Valley with a steepness of 60o, a height of more than 15 m by constant wetting as a result of seepage underground; 2) abrasion ledges of floodplain terraces with a 2 m height; 3) abrasion ledges of the root slope of the Volga valley with a height of more than 2 m, with characteristic abrasion niches in the lower part of the slope or a temporary accumulation of collapsed material. For recreational use, the lithological and geomorphological characteristics of the coastal zone play an important role. The combination of high abrasion banks with landslide phenomena and ravine erosion along the right bank, and shedding and flooding along the left banks of this reservoir negatively affects the structure of recreational use of the study area. Active exogenous processes are landslides in the upper part of the slope, which is facilitated by the steepness of the slopes (15-20o) and their lithological structure. There are up to three large landslide steps with a landslide-warped forest. Such sites are observed in the northwest of the Volga slope in the area of Novoselsky beach and are expressed by the destruction of the asphalt path on the descent to the beach. The key recreational areas are located on the territory under consideration: "Park of the 500th anniversary of the city of Cheboksary" and Ethnocomplex "Amazonia", ski resort "Vertical" with an inclined surface with a crossed relief within the slope of the northern exposure. The recreational load in the park is not uniformly distributed, so the marginal sections of the park have an increased load of more than 40 people/ha/day. Therefore, tropic degradation of living ground cover is characteristic of oak forests. Therefore, tropic degradation of living ground cover is characteristic of oak forests. As the anthropogenic load intensifies, the path network begins to merge into a single trodden area with a petrified surface that does not perceive any more vegetation. At the same time, the stand itself experiences significant oppression. The left bank of the city of Cheboksary The Volga region experiences a strong recreational load, especially in the warm season. The anthropogenic impact on the plant cover leads to the disappearance or sharp decrease in the abundance of plants. Plants unstable to trampling suffer. Soil compaction and desiccation, disturbance of its structure, reduction of air and moisture capacity, soil washout on inclined areas, weathering of sandy soils. Forest plant species are gradually giving way to forest meadow and meadow. The ability of trees to self-renew is weakened; undergrowth and undergrowth thin out and die as a result of large recreational loads reaching 8-12 people per 1 ha daily with a permissible 1-2 people/ha. Changes under the influence of recreational activities are primarily affected by topography and vegetation. Knocking out grass on low terraces, vacationers create “man-made” beaches; the frequency of formation of paths on the coastal slopes leads to their shedding or creeping. Subsequently, intensive coastal processing occurs, associated with increased excitement of the water surface during the passage of motor vessels. Vacationers trample down the grass cover, cut the forest, and the destruction of aquatic coastal vegetation leads to a change in coastal fauna. Currently, recreants actively use the landscapes of the Cheboksary agglomeration of the Chuvash Republic, and this fact requires the adoption of serious environmental measures and the creation of tourist and logistics (information) centers (TICs) to regulate recreational flows, especially in the summer. On the slope landscapes of recreational clusters, as the most vulnerable and subject to natural and technological risks, it is necessary to carry out landslide measures including monitoring of slope processes, engineering strengthening of potentially dangerous slopes, as well as distribution of recreational flows.