Lobbying in the USA as a Competitive Tool

Fedor I. Dolgikh
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Abstract

The economic sphere of society in the United States is a highly competitive environment, within which there is a clash of various interest groups seeking to influence political decision-making in order to ensure the most favorable business conditions for themselves. The purpose of the study is to consider lobbying as a competitive tool for various business sectors in the United States. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: to analyze the features of the economic sphere of US society as a competitive environment; to consider the legal basis for regulating lobbying activities in the United States; to determine the methods of lobbying; to analyze the overall structure of lobbying expenses in the United States and determine the share of business expenses in various sectors; to determine the place of the two leading political parties in the United States – Democratic and Republican – in the process of lobbying the interests of various business sectors and the reasons for such a difference. The study covers the period of the 2020 election cycle in the United States. The problem of lobbying the interests of business sectors is considered on the example of the competition between Donald Trump and Joe Biden in the 2020 US presidential election. The work is based on a dialectical research method. According to the results of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that in the structure of lobbying activities, lobbying for business interests repeatedly prevails over lobbying for the interests of the non-profit sector. Lobbying is a form of competitive struggle, one of the ways to carry out competitive actions, an instrument of competition between various business sectors for the establishment of the most favorable conditions for their sector. According to the results of the 2020 presidential election, the communications and electronics sector won in the person of its key lobbyist, Democratic candidate Joe Biden. During the election campaign, both Trump and Biden used a marketing approach, “selling” their “political product” that expressed the interests of certain business sectors, certain groups of voters whose consumer preferences would allow them to “realize” this “product”. The intersectoral competition of various business sectors harmoniously integrated into the political competition of the two leading political parties in the United States.
在美国,游说是一种竞争工具
美国社会的经济领域是一个高度竞争的环境,在这个环境中,各种利益集团相互冲突,试图影响政治决策,以确保为自己创造最有利的商业条件。这项研究的目的是考虑游说作为美国各个商业部门的竞争工具。为实现这一目标,必须解决以下任务:分析美国社会经济领域作为竞争环境的特征;考虑在美国规范游说活动的法律依据;确定游说的方法;分析美国游说费用的整体结构,确定各部门的商业费用份额;确定美国两大主要政党——民主党和共和党——在游说各商业部门利益的过程中所处的位置以及造成这种差异的原因。这项研究涵盖了美国2020年选举周期。以唐纳德•特朗普(Donald Trump)和乔•拜登(Joe Biden)在2020年美国总统大选中的竞争为例,考虑了游说商业部门利益的问题。这项工作是以辩证的研究方法为基础的。根据研究结果,作者得出结论,在游说活动的结构中,商业利益游说一再压倒非营利部门的利益游说。游说是竞争斗争的一种形式,是开展竞争行动的方式之一,是各商业部门之间为本部门建立最有利条件的竞争工具。根据2020年美国总统选举的结果,通信电子行业的主要说客、民主党候选人乔·拜登获得了胜利。在竞选期间,特朗普和拜登都使用了一种营销手段,“销售”他们的“政治产品”,这些产品表达了某些商业部门的利益,某些选民群体的消费偏好允许他们“实现”这种“产品”。各商业部门的跨部门竞争和谐地融入了美国两大主要政党的政治竞争。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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