Pengembangan Produksi Biji Botani Bawang Merah (True Seed of Shallot) di Dataran Tinggi Kabupaten Gowa

Abstract

Penggunaan biji botani (True Seed of Shallot) berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menggantikan umbi bawang merah sebagai benih. Terbatasnya ketersediaan TSS di Indonesia, sehingga perlu adanya upaya dalam mendukung produksi TSS khususnya di Sulawesi Selatan.   Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah: untuk mengetahui potensi varietas Bima Brebes dan Trisula dalam menghasilkan biji botani di Kabupaten Gowa dengan ketinggian > 1.300 meter di atas Permukaan laut (mdpl). Kegiatan dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Pattapang, Kecamatan Tinggimoncong, Kabupaten Gowa, mulai bulan April  hingga November 2018. Kegiatan pengembangan TSS menggunakan varietas Bima Brebes dan Trisula. Umbi divernalisasi pada suhu 10 oC selama 30 hari. Sebelum tanam, benih direndam larutan BAP selama satu jam dengan konsentrasi 37,5 ppm. Perendaman benih dalam larutan BAP dilakukan setiap 100 kg benih direndam dalam 80 l larutan BAP (3 g BAP/80 l air). pemasangan mulsa hitam perak diatas bedengan dengan jarak lubang tanam 20 cm x 20 cm dengan jumlah umbi satu per lubang tanam. Naungan menggunakan plastik putih transparan dipasang setelah 1 MST untuk melindungi bunga dari angin dan hujan. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa varietas Bima Brebes mampu menghasilkan bunga sampai 6,7 umbel/rumpun namun sangat sedikit menghasilkan kapsul (biji), sedangkan Trisula menghasilkan umbel bunga rata-rata 9,6 umbel/rumpun. Total produksi pada varietas Trisula mencapai 15 kg/3.000 m2, sedangkan produksi Bima Brebes hanya 2,0 kg/3000 m2. True Seed of Shallot has the potential to be developed to replace shallot bulbs as seeds. The limited availability of TSS in Indonesia, so that efforts are needed to support TSS production, especially in South Sulawesi. The objectives of this activity are: to determine the potential of the Bima Brebes and Trisula varieties in producing botanical seeds in Gowa Regency with an altitude of > 1,300 meters above sea level (masl). The activity was carried out in Pattapang Village, Tinggimoncong District, Gowa Regency, from April to November 2018. TSS development activities used the Bima Brebes and Trisula varieties. Tubers were vernalized at 10 oC for 30 days. Before planting, the seeds were soaked in BAP solution for one hour with a concentration of 37.5 ppm. Soaking the seeds in BAP solution is done every 100 kg of seeds are immersed in 80 l of BAP solution (3 g BAP/80 l of water). installation of silver black mulch on the bed with a spacing of 20 cm x 20 cm with a number of tubers per planting hole. The shade using transparent white plastic is installed after 1 MST to protect the flowers from wind and rain. The results showed that the Bima Brebes variety was able to produce flowers up to 6.7 umbels/clump but produced very few capsules (seeds), while Trisula produced an average of 9.6 umbels/clump. The total production of the Trisula variety reached 15 kg/3,000 m2, while the production of Bima Brebes was only 2.0 kg/3000 m2.