United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Abstract

Geographical isolation of the UK has contributed to the development of a legal and administrative system rather distinct from other European countries. The roles of central and local government and national agencies (eg Health and Safety Commission, Regional Water Authorities, Countryside Commission, and Nature Conservancy Council) are indicated, and the significance of the Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (1970) is highlighted. Britain has ratified >30 international treaties and conventions concerning pollution and environmental policy. Comments are made on land-use planning controls and on landscape and habitat protection, including National Parks, National Scenic Areas, Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty and Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Environmental impacts of high production agriculture, air pollution, waste disposal, water pollution and noise are discussed. A rise in public participation, eg seen in the growth in membership of amenity groups and increased participation in decision making, and environmental education are noted. -P.J.Jarvis