Factors Affecting the Rate of Breast Cancer; Role of Heavy Metals

S. Hussain, S. Naseer, M. Waqas, S. Ashraf, Aisha Saddiqa, Y. Ashraf, M. Amjad, K. Javed
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Abstract

Breast cancer is caused by uncontrolled growth of breast cells. It is more common in women as compared tothat in men. The breast cancer may be interlinked with the drinking of alcohol, smoking, sex, hormonal therapy, obesity,family history and age. Various epidemiologic studies suggest the role of metals e.g., nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), arsenic(As),selenium (Se)and cadmium (Cd)as potential risk factors in breast cancer. Humans are exposed to these metals bymeans of drinking water, food and air. The oxidative theory suspects that the complexes formed from these metals invivo, near the location of DNA, catalyze the redox reactions which results in oxidation of DNA. The metals like arsenic(As), chromium (Cr), aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr)which exist in trace amount are considered ascarcinogens for organisms by IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). The carcinogenicity of these metalsmainly depends upon their chemical structure and oxidation states.
影响乳腺癌发病率的因素;重金属的作用
乳腺癌是由乳腺细胞不受控制的生长引起的。与男性相比,女性更常见。乳腺癌可能与饮酒、吸烟、性、激素治疗、肥胖、家族史和年龄有关。各种流行病学研究表明,金属如镍(Ni)、锌(Zn)、砷(As)、硒(Se)和镉(Cd)是乳腺癌的潜在危险因素。人类通过饮用水、食物和空气接触到这些金属。氧化理论怀疑这些金属在体内在DNA附近形成的复合物催化氧化还原反应,从而导致DNA氧化。微量存在的砷(As)、铬(Cr)、铝(Al)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)等金属被国际癌症研究机构(IARC)认定为生物致癌物。这些金属的致癌性主要取决于它们的化学结构和氧化态。
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