Demand response with heat pumps: Practical implementation of three different control options.

IF 16.4 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Jenny Crawley, Adria Martin-Vilaseca, Jez Wingfield, Zachary Gill, Michelle Shipworth, Clifford Elwell
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Abstract

The electrification of heating and transport and decarbonisation of supply creates a need for demand side flexibility to balance the grid. Heat pumps are expected to form a major part of heat delivery, and many modelling studies have investigated the technical potential of heat pump demand response. However, little empirical work has been reported on the practical implementation of such demand response in occupied homes. This paper presents a cross-case comparison of three early adopters of heat pump demand response in the UK. The aim was to reduce heat pump electricity consumption during the same peak period, but each employed a different control strategy: lowered air temperature setpoints, lowered flow temperature and blocked heat pump compressor. A 56-90% electricity reduction during the peak period was observed; the success of the demand response depended on how the control strategy affected the heat pump and the rest of the heating system. However, no one stakeholder is responsible for all these system components. The fabric, heating distribution and control system and heat pumps installed are highly heterogeneous across the stock, highlighting that flexibility mechanisms must be developed that can be tailored to or work across their range.

Practical application: Three case studies of different heat pump demand response control strategies in real homes are presented. All three households reduced their electricity consumption during a peak period but delivered unintended consequences where the heat pump's logic did not correspond to the demand response requirements. This study highlights that the implementation of heat pump demand response to support electricity system operation requires a clear definition of electricity system need as well as practical demand response mechanisms to be integrated into heating system design.

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热泵的需求响应:三种不同控制选项的实际实施。
供暖和运输的电气化以及供应的脱碳产生了对需求侧灵活性的需求,以平衡电网。热泵预计将成为热量输送的主要部分,许多建模研究已经调查了热泵需求响应的技术潜力。然而,很少的实证工作已经报道了实际实施这种需求反应在已占用的住房。本文提出了一个跨案例比较三个早期采用者的热泵需求响应在英国。目的是减少热泵在同一高峰期间的电力消耗,但每个人都采用不同的控制策略:降低空气温度设定值,降低流量温度并阻塞热泵压缩机。在高峰时段,减少了56-90%的电量;需求响应的成功取决于控制策略如何影响热泵和加热系统的其余部分。然而,没有一个涉众负责所有这些系统组件。在整个库存中安装的织物、加热分配和控制系统以及热泵都是高度不均匀的,这突出表明必须开发灵活的机制,可以根据其范围进行定制或工作。实际应用:给出了三个不同的热泵需求响应控制策略在实际家庭中的案例研究。这三个家庭都在高峰时段减少了用电量,但由于热泵的逻辑不符合需求响应要求,导致了意想不到的后果。本研究强调,实施热泵需求响应以支持电力系统运行,需要明确电力系统需求的定义,并将实际的需求响应机制纳入供热系统设计。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Accounts of Chemical Research
Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合
CiteScore
31.40
自引率
1.10%
发文量
312
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.
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