The role of children and work-from-home in gender labor market asymmetries: evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America.

IF 4.1 3区 经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS
Inés Berniell, Leonardo Gasparini, Mariana Marchionni, Mariana Viollaz
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Abstract

Asymmetry in childcare responsibilities is one of the main reasons behind gender gaps in the labor market. In that context, the ability to work from home may alleviate the hindrances of women with children to participate in the labor market. We study these issues in Latin America, a region with wide gender gaps, in the framework of a major shock that severely affected employment: the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, we estimate models of job loss exploiting microdata from the World Bank's High-Frequency Phone Surveys conducted immediately after the onset of the pandemic. We find that the mitigating effect of working from home on the severity of job losses was especially relevant for women with children. The results are consistent with a plausible mechanism: due to the traditional distribution of childcare responsibilities within the household, women with children were more likely to stay home during school closures, and therefore the ability to work from home was crucial for them to keep their jobs.

Abstract Image

儿童和在家工作在性别劳动力市场不对称中的作用:拉丁美洲 COVID-19 大流行的证据。
育儿责任不对称是劳动力市场性别差距的主要原因之一。在这种情况下,在家工作的能力可能会减轻有子女妇女参与劳动力市场的障碍。拉丁美洲是一个性别差距较大的地区,我们以严重影响就业的重大冲击(COVID-19 大流行病)为框架,对这些问题进行了研究。特别是,我们利用世界银行在大流行病爆发后立即进行的高频电话调查的微观数据,对失业模型进行了估计。我们发现,在家工作对失业严重程度的缓解作用尤其适用于有子女的妇女。结果与一个合理的机制相吻合:由于传统的家庭育儿责任分配,有子女的妇女更有可能在学校停课期间待在家里,因此在家工作的能力对她们保住工作至关重要。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.30
自引率
3.90%
发文量
39
期刊介绍: The Review of Economics of the Household publishes high-quality empirical and theoretical research on the economic behavior and decision-making processes of single and multi-person households. The Review is not wedded to any particular models or methods. It welcomes both macro-economic and micro-level applications. Household decisions analyzed in this journal include ·         household production of human capital, health, nutrition/food, childcare, and eldercare, ·         well-being of persons living in households, issues of gender and power, ·         fertility and risky behaviors, ·         consumption, savings and wealth accumulation, ·         labor force participation and time use,·         household formation (including marriage, cohabitation and fertility) and dissolution,·         migration, intergenerational transfers,·         experiments involving households,·         religiosity and civility.The journal is particularly interested in policy-relevant economic analyses and equally interested in applications to countries at various levels of economic development. The Perspectives section covers articles on the history of economic thought and review articles. Officially cited as: Rev Econ Household
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