Applying stem cell therapy in intractable diseases: a narrative review of decades of progress and challenges.

Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Brianna, Anna Pick Kiong Ling, Ying Pei Wong
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引用次数: 4

Abstract

Background and objective: Stem cell therapy (SCT) is one of the vastly researched branches of regenerative medicine as a therapeutic tool to treat incurable diseases. With the use of human stem cells such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult stem cells (ASCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), stem cell therapy aims to regenerate or repair damaged tissues and congenital defects. As stem cells are able to undergo infinite self-renewal, differentiate into various types of cells and secrete protective paracrine factors, many researchers have investigated the potential of SCT in regenerative medicine. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive review on the recent application of SCT in various intractable diseases, namely, haematological diseases, neurological diseases, diabetes mellitus, retinal degenerative disorders and COVID-19 infections along with the challenges faced in the clinical translation of SCT.

Methods: An extensive search was conducted on Google scholar, PubMed and Clinicaltrials.gov using related keywords. Latest articles on stem cell therapy application in selected diseases along with their challenges in clinical applications were selected.

Key content and findings: In vitro and in vivo studies involving SCT are shown to be safe and efficacious in treating various diseases covered in this review. There are also a number of small-scale clinical trials that validated the positive therapeutic outcomes of SCT. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of SCT are highly variable as some SCT works best in patients with early-stage diseases while in other diseases, SCT is more likely to work in patients in late stages of illnesses. Among the challenges identified in SCT translation are uncertainty in the underlying stem cell mechanism, ethical issues, genetic instability and immune rejection.

Conclusions: SCT will be a revolutionary treatment in the future that will provide hope to patients with intractable diseases. Therefore, studies ought to be done to ascertain the long-term effects of SCT while addressing the challenges faced in validating SCT for clinical use. Moreover, as there are many studies investigating the safety and efficacy of SCT, future studies should look into elucidating the regenerative and reparative capabilities of stem cells which largely remains unknown.

Abstract Image

应用干细胞治疗顽固性疾病:几十年的进展和挑战的叙述回顾。
背景与目的:干细胞治疗作为治疗不治之症的一种治疗工具,是再生医学中被广泛研究的分支之一。利用人类干细胞,如胚胎干细胞(ESCs)、成体干细胞(ASCs)和诱导多能干细胞(iPSCs),干细胞治疗旨在再生或修复受损组织和先天性缺陷。由于干细胞能够无限自我更新,分化成各种类型的细胞,并分泌保护性旁分泌因子,许多研究人员已经研究了SCT在再生医学中的潜力。因此,本文旨在综述近年来SCT在血液病、神经系统疾病、糖尿病、视网膜退行性疾病、COVID-19感染等各种顽固性疾病中的应用,以及SCT在临床转化中面临的挑战。方法:使用相关关键词在Google scholar、PubMed和Clinicaltrials.gov上进行广泛检索。选择了干细胞治疗在特定疾病中的应用及其在临床应用中的挑战的最新文章。主要内容和发现:体外和体内研究表明,SCT在治疗本综述中涉及的各种疾病方面是安全有效的。也有一些小规模的临床试验证实了SCT的积极治疗效果。然而,SCT的有效性是高度可变的,因为一些SCT在早期疾病患者中效果最好,而在其他疾病中,SCT更可能在晚期疾病患者中起作用。在SCT翻译中发现的挑战包括潜在干细胞机制的不确定性、伦理问题、遗传不稳定性和免疫排斥。结论:SCT将是未来一种革命性的治疗方法,将为顽固性疾病患者带来希望。因此,应该进行研究以确定SCT的长期效果,同时解决验证SCT临床应用所面临的挑战。此外,由于有许多研究调查了SCT的安全性和有效性,未来的研究应该着眼于阐明干细胞的再生和修复能力,这在很大程度上仍然是未知的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Stem cell investigation
Stem cell investigation Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Developmental Biology
CiteScore
5.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
9
期刊介绍: The Stem Cell Investigation (SCI; Stem Cell Investig; Online ISSN: 2313-0792) is a free access, peer-reviewed online journal covering basic, translational, and clinical research on all aspects of stem cells. It publishes original research articles and reviews on embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, adult tissue-specific stem/progenitor cells, cancer stem like cells, stem cell niche, stem cell technology, stem cell based drug discovery, and regenerative medicine. Stem Cell Investigation is indexed in PubMed/PMC since April, 2016.
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