[Usefulness of Simple Dietary Check Sheet as Screening Tool to Assess the Risk of Muscle Mass Reduction in Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older Adults].

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of a simple dietary check sheet to assess the risk of muscle mass reduction in middle-aged and older adults.

Methods: The study participants comprised 1,272 community-dwelling individuals aged 50-89 years (mean age; 68.7 years). Bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed to estimate the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (SMI, kg/m²). The SMIs were expressed as z-scores and adjusted for age and gender. A simple dietary check sheet was used to assess the daily intake of foods associated with maintaining muscle mass, such as meat, fish, eggs, milk, soybean products, and vegetables.

Results: Individuals with reduced muscle masses (SMI z-scores < -1.0) had significantly lower intakes of meat, fish, eggs, milk, and vegetables, and a lower overall dietary intake than individuals without reduced muscle masses (SMI z-scores ≥ -1.0). Food intake score was calculated to obtain quantitative estimates of the daily intake of these foods. The scores ranged from 0 to 14, with higher scores indicating higher intakes of foods that contribute to maintaining the muscle mass. Compared with the reference group with scores of ≥ 10, the groups with lower scores were at a higher risk of muscle mass reduction. The odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of the groups with scores of 9, 8, 7, 6, and ≤ 5 were 1.15 (0.42-3.13), 2.10 (0.89-4.95), 3.64 (1.61-8.23), 4.49 (1.90-10.58), and 7.53 (3.06-18.51), respectively, after adjusting for age, gender, obesity, alcohol intake, smoking, physical inactivity, hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes mellitus, and liver dysfunction.

Conclusions: As the food intake scores were significantly associated with decreased muscle mass, the proposed simple dietary check sheet may help assess the risk of muscle mass reduction in middle-aged and older adults from a nutritional perspective.