Treatment of respiratory viral infections through inhalation therapeutics: Challenges and opportunities

IF 3.3 3区 医学 Q2 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY
Nidhi Nainwal
{"title":"Treatment of respiratory viral infections through inhalation therapeutics: Challenges and opportunities","authors":"Nidhi Nainwal","doi":"10.1016/j.pupt.2022.102170","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Respiratory viral infections are the leading cause of death worldwide. The current pandemic of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) challenged human beings for the treatment and prevention of this respiratory viral infection since its outbreak in 2019. Despite advancements in the medical field, scientists were helpless to give timely treatment and protection against this viral infection. Several drugs, whether antiviral or not, were given to the patients to reduce mortality and morbidity rate. Vaccines from various pharmaceutical manufacturers are now available to give immunization against covid-19. Still, coronavirus is continuously affecting people in the form of variants after mutation. Each new variant increases the infection risk and forces scientists to develop some innovative and effective treatments for this infection. The virus uses the host's cell machinery to grow and multiply in numbers. Therefore, scientists are facing challenges to develop antivirals that stop the virus without damaging the host cells too. The production of suitable antivirals or vaccines for the new virus would take several months, allowing the strain to cause severe damage to life. Inhalable formulation facilitates the delivery of medicinal products directly to the respiratory system without causing unwanted side effects associated with systemic absorption. Scientists are focusing on developing an inhaled version of the existing antivirals for the treatment of respiratory infections. This review focused on the inhalable formulations of antiviral agents in various respiratory viral infections including the ongoing covid-19 pandemic and important findings of the clinical studies. We also reviewed repurposed drugs that have been given through inhalation in covid-19 infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20799,"journal":{"name":"Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9554202/pdf/","citationCount":"5","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Pulmonary pharmacology & therapeutics","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S109455392200061X","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5

Abstract

Respiratory viral infections are the leading cause of death worldwide. The current pandemic of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) challenged human beings for the treatment and prevention of this respiratory viral infection since its outbreak in 2019. Despite advancements in the medical field, scientists were helpless to give timely treatment and protection against this viral infection. Several drugs, whether antiviral or not, were given to the patients to reduce mortality and morbidity rate. Vaccines from various pharmaceutical manufacturers are now available to give immunization against covid-19. Still, coronavirus is continuously affecting people in the form of variants after mutation. Each new variant increases the infection risk and forces scientists to develop some innovative and effective treatments for this infection. The virus uses the host's cell machinery to grow and multiply in numbers. Therefore, scientists are facing challenges to develop antivirals that stop the virus without damaging the host cells too. The production of suitable antivirals or vaccines for the new virus would take several months, allowing the strain to cause severe damage to life. Inhalable formulation facilitates the delivery of medicinal products directly to the respiratory system without causing unwanted side effects associated with systemic absorption. Scientists are focusing on developing an inhaled version of the existing antivirals for the treatment of respiratory infections. This review focused on the inhalable formulations of antiviral agents in various respiratory viral infections including the ongoing covid-19 pandemic and important findings of the clinical studies. We also reviewed repurposed drugs that have been given through inhalation in covid-19 infection.

Abstract Image

通过吸入疗法治疗呼吸道病毒感染:挑战和机遇
呼吸道病毒感染是全世界死亡的主要原因。新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)疫情自2019年爆发以来,对人类的治疗和预防提出了挑战。尽管医学领域取得了进步,但科学家们却无法及时治疗和预防这种病毒感染。同时给予多种抗病毒或非抗病毒药物治疗,以降低病死率和发病率。目前已有多家制药商生产的疫苗可用于免疫covid-19。尽管如此,冠状病毒仍在不断地以变异的形式影响着人类。每一种新的变异都增加了感染的风险,迫使科学家们为这种感染开发一些创新和有效的治疗方法。这种病毒利用宿主的细胞机制来大量生长和繁殖。因此,科学家们面临着开发既能阻止病毒又不损害宿主细胞的抗病毒药物的挑战。针对这种新病毒生产合适的抗病毒药物或疫苗需要几个月的时间,这使得这种毒株对生命造成严重损害。可吸入制剂有助于将药品直接输送到呼吸系统,而不会引起与全身吸收相关的不良副作用。科学家们正致力于开发一种用于治疗呼吸道感染的吸入型现有抗病毒药物。本文综述了包括正在进行的covid-19大流行在内的各种呼吸道病毒感染的可吸入型抗病毒药物配方及其临床研究的重要发现。我们还审查了在covid-19感染中通过吸入给予的重新用途药物。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
41
审稿时长
42 days
期刊介绍: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics (formerly Pulmonary Pharmacology) is concerned with lung pharmacology from molecular to clinical aspects. The subject matter encompasses the major diseases of the lung including asthma, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary circulation, ARDS, carcinoma, bronchitis, emphysema and drug delivery. Laboratory and clinical research on man and animals will be considered including studies related to chemotherapy of cancer, tuberculosis and infection. In addition to original research papers the journal will include review articles and book reviews. Research Areas Include: • All major diseases of the lung • Physiology • Pathology • Drug delivery • Metabolism • Pulmonary Toxicology.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信