Medico-legal evaluation of torture victims in the USA before the Istanbul Protocol.

Abstract

Now that the updated version of the Istanbul Protocol has been published, there is an opportunity to reconstruct pieces of history on the long road to having forensic torture assessment tools. This article is an attempt to contribute to that journey through our firstperson personal memories of those experiences, especially in the early years, far before the drafting and approval of the Istanbul Protocol: Amnesty International (AI).