Avoiding deformity in proximal tibial nailing: risk factors, deformity rules, tips, and tricks.

Abstract

Malalignment is one of the most common problems linked to nailing of proximal tibial fractures. This review will cover technical aspects of intramedullary nailing and will help explain the various risk factors. Deformity rules aid in identifying the likely deformity and help to develop management strategies. Various tools and techniques are discussed which can help optimize the outcome.

Level of evidence: Therapeutic Level V.