Prevalence and Risk Factors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Infection among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at a Tertiary Hospital in Abuja, Nigeria.

Abstract

Context: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) co-infection in pregnant women has increased potential for Mother-to-Child Transmission risks of both viruses. The reports on the prevalence and risk factors for HIV and HCV co-infection in pregnancy are limited in Nigeria.

Aim: The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and potential risk factors for HIV and HCV infection among pregnant women in Abuja.

Study design: A cross-sectional seroprevalence study carried out on pregnant women attending antenatal clinic of a tertiary hospital in Abuja from July 1^st to October 31^st 2016. Patients were recruited consecutively and counselled for HIV and HCV. Structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data, and information on potential risk factors for HIV and HCV infections. Blood samples were collected for HIV and HCV screening using rapid test kits following the national testing algorithm. Data generated were analyzed with statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Result: 252 pregnant women participated in this study. The mean age of the study population was 31.7 ± 4.9 years. The prevalence of HIV and HCV was 12.3% and 1.2% respectively. The prevalence of HIV/HCV co-infection was 0.8%. The prevalence of HCV among HIV positive cohorts was 6.5%. HIV infection was significantly associated with history of blood transfusion (P = 0.047), presence of tattoo/scarification marks (P = 0.009) and multiple sexual partners (P < 0.0001). HCV infections was not significantly associated with any of the risk factors studied.

Conclusion: HIV prevalence is high among the pregnant women. HCV co-infection is common in women who are HIV infected. HIV infection unlike HCV was significantly associated with history of blood transfusion, presence of tattoo/scarification marks and multiple sexual partners.