Changing ROS, NAD and AMP: A path to longevity via mitochondrial therapeutics.

3区 生物学 Q1 Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Oleh Lushchak, Dmytro Gospodaryov, Olha Strilbytska, Maria Bayliak
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Lifespan of many organisms, from unicellular yeast to extremely complex human organism, strongly depends on the genetic background and environmental factors. Being among most influential target energy metabolism is affected by macronutrients, their caloric values, and peculiarities of catabolism. Mitochondria are central organelles that respond for energy metabolism in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are lifespan modifying metabolites and a kind of biological clock. Oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) are important metabolic intermediates and molecules that trigger or inhibit several signaling pathways involved in gene silencing, nutrient allocation, and cell regeneration and programmed death. A part of NAD+ and AMP metabolism is tied to mitochondria. Using substances that able to target mitochondria, as well as allotopic expression of specific enzymes, are envisioned to be innovative approaches to prolong lifespan by modulation of ROS, NAD+, and AMP levels. Among substances, an anti-diabetic drug metformin is believed to increase NAD+ and AMP levels, indirectly influencing histone deacetylases, involved in gene silencing, and AMP-activated protein kinase, an energy sensor of cells. Mitochondrially targeted derivatives of ubiquinone were found to interact with ROS. A mitochondrially targeted non-proton-pumping NADH dehydrogenase may influence both ROS and NAD+ levels. Chapter describes putative how mitochondria-targeted drugs and NADH dehydrogenase extend lifespan, perspectives of creating drugs with similar properties and their usage as senotherapeutic pills are discussed in the chapter.

改变ROS, NAD和AMP:通过线粒体治疗的长寿之路。
从单细胞酵母到极其复杂的人类生物,许多生物的寿命在很大程度上取决于遗传背景和环境因素。作为最具影响力的目标能量代谢受常量营养素、它们的热值和分解代谢特性的影响。线粒体是真核细胞中负责能量代谢的中心细胞器。线粒体产生活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS),是一种改变生命周期的代谢产物,也是一种生物钟。氧化烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)和单磷酸腺苷(AMP)是重要的代谢中间体和分子,可触发或抑制涉及基因沉默、营养分配、细胞再生和程序性死亡的几种信号通路。NAD+和AMP代谢的一部分与线粒体有关。使用能够靶向线粒体的物质,以及特定酶的异位表达,被认为是通过调节ROS、NAD+和AMP水平来延长寿命的创新方法。在药物中,抗糖尿病药物二甲双胍被认为可以增加NAD+和AMP水平,间接影响参与基因沉默的组蛋白去乙酰化酶和AMP激活的蛋白激酶,后者是细胞的能量传感器。线粒体靶向泛醌衍生物被发现与ROS相互作用。线粒体靶向非质子泵送NADH脱氢酶可能影响ROS和NAD+水平。本章描述了线粒体靶向药物和NADH脱氢酶如何延长寿命,并讨论了具有类似特性的药物的开发前景及其作为老年治疗药物的用途。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology
Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY-
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
66
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Published continuously since 1944, The Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology series has been the essential resource for protein chemists. Each volume brings forth new information about protocols and analysis of proteins. Each thematically organized volume is guest edited by leading experts in a broad range of protein-related topics.
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