Memory Enhancing and Neurogenesis Activity of Honey Bee Venom in the Symptoms of Amnesia: Using Rats with Amnesia-like Alzheimer's Disease as a Model.

IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY
Khaled M Khleifat, Nafe M Al-Tawarah, Mohammad A Al-Kafaween, We'am Al-Ksasbeh, Haitham Qaralleh, Moath Alqaraleh, Khawla D Al-Hamaideh, Yousef M Al-Saraireh, Ahmad Z Al-Sarayreh, Yaseen T Al-Qaisi, Abu Bakar Mohd Hilmi
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background/objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is mainly characterized by amnesia that affects millions of people worldwide. This study aims to explore the effectiveness capacities of bee venom (BV) for the enhancement of the memory process in a rat model with amnesia-like AD.

Methods: The study protocol contains two successive phases, nootropic and therapeutic, in which two BV doses (D1; 0.25 and D2: 0.5 mg/kg i.p.) were used. In the nootropic phase, treatment groups were compared statistically with a normal group. Meanwhile, in the therapeutic phase, BV was administered to scopolamine (1mg/kg) to induce amnesia-like AD in a rat model in which therapeutic groups were compared with a positive group (donepezil; 1mg/kg i.p.). Behavioral analysis was performed after each phase by Working Memory (WM) and Long-Term Memory (LTM) assessments using radial arm maze (RAM) and passive avoidance tests (PAT). Neurogenic factors; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and Doublecortin (DCX) were measured in plasma using ELISA and Immunohistochemistry analysis of hippocampal tissues, respectively.

Results: During the nootropic phase, treatment groups demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in RAM latency times, spatial WM errors, and spatial reference errors compared with the normal group. In addition, the PA test revealed a significant (P < 0.05) enhancement of LTM after 72 hours in both treatment groups; D1 and D2. In the therapeutic phase, treatment groups reflected a significant (P < 0.05) potent enhancement in the memory process compared with the positive group; less spatial WM errors, spatial reference errors, and latency time during the RAM test, and more latency time after 72 hours in the light room. Moreover, results presented a marked increase in the plasma level of BDNF, as well as increased hippocampal DCX-positive data in the sub-granular zone within the D1 and D2 groups compared with the negative group (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusion: This study revealed that injecting BV enhances and increases the performance of both WM and LTM. Conclusively, BV has a potential nootropic and therapeutic activity that enhances hippocampal growth and plasticity, which in turn improves WM and LTM. Given that this research was conducted using scopolamine-induced amnesia-like AD in rats, it suggests that BV has a potential therapeutic activity for the enhancement of memory in AD patients in a dose-dependent manner but further investigations are needed.

蜂毒在健忘症症状中的记忆增强和神经发生活性:以健忘症样阿尔茨海默病大鼠为模型
背景/目的:阿尔茨海默病(AD)的主要特征是健忘症,影响着全世界数百万人。本研究旨在探讨蜂毒(BV)对健忘症样AD大鼠模型记忆过程的增强作用。方法:研究方案包括促智和治疗两个连续阶段,其中两个BV剂量(D1;采用0.25和D2: 0.5 mg/kg。在促智期,治疗组与正常组比较有统计学意义。同时,在治疗期,BV与东莨菪碱(1mg/kg)联合诱导大鼠模型失忆症样AD,治疗组与阳性组(多奈哌齐;1毫克/公斤i.p)。行为分析在每个阶段结束后采用工作记忆(WM)和长期记忆(LTM)评估,采用桡臂迷宫(RAM)和被动回避测试(PAT)。神经源性因素;采用ELISA法和免疫组化法分别测定血浆中脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)和双皮质素(DCX)含量。结果:与正常组相比,各治疗组在促智期RAM潜伏期、空间WM误差和空间参考误差均显著降低(P < 0.05)。PA试验显示,两组大鼠72h后LTM均显著增强(P < 0.05);D1和D2。在治疗阶段,治疗组与阳性组相比,记忆过程有显著增强(P < 0.05);RAM测试时的空间WM误差、空间参考误差和延迟时间较小,光照室内72小时后的延迟时间较大。结果显示,与阴性组相比,D1组和D2组血浆BDNF水平显著升高,海马亚颗粒区dcx阳性数据显著增加(P < 0.05),且呈剂量依赖性。结论:本研究显示注射BV可增强和提高WM和LTM的性能。总之,BV具有潜在的促智和治疗活性,可以促进海马的生长和可塑性,从而改善WM和LTM。考虑到本研究是在大鼠东莨菪碱诱导的遗忘样AD中进行的,这表明BV对AD患者的记忆增强具有潜在的治疗作用,且呈剂量依赖性,但还需要进一步的研究。
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来源期刊
Current Alzheimer research
Current Alzheimer research 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
4.80%
发文量
64
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Current Alzheimer Research publishes peer-reviewed frontier review, research, drug clinical trial studies and letter articles on all areas of Alzheimer’s disease. This multidisciplinary journal will help in understanding the neurobiology, genetics, pathogenesis, and treatment strategies of Alzheimer’s disease. The journal publishes objective reviews written by experts and leaders actively engaged in research using cellular, molecular, and animal models. The journal also covers original articles on recent research in fast emerging areas of molecular diagnostics, brain imaging, drug development and discovery, and clinical aspects of Alzheimer’s disease. Manuscripts are encouraged that relate to the synergistic mechanism of Alzheimer''s disease with other dementia and neurodegenerative disorders. Book reviews, meeting reports and letters-to-the-editor are also published. The journal is essential reading for researchers, educators and physicians with interest in age-related dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Current Alzheimer Research provides a comprehensive ''bird''s-eye view'' of the current state of Alzheimer''s research for neuroscientists, clinicians, health science planners, granting, caregivers and families of this devastating disease.
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