Longitudinal follow-up reveals occurrence of successive Cryptosporidium bovis and Cryptosporidium ryanae infections by different subtype families in dairy cattle

IF 3.7 2区医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY

International journal for parasitology Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.04.005

Kangli Feng , Na Li , Yujin Huang , Chengyi Chen , Luxing Wen , Weijian Wang , Una M. Ryan , Lihua Xiao , Yaoyu Feng , Yaqiong Guo

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Abstract

Cryptosporidium bovis and Cryptosporidium ryanae are common species causing cryptosporidiosis in cattle. Data accumulated thus far indicate that the infection patterns of the two species could be different between areas with and without Cryptosporidium parvum. To better understand the infection dynamics of these two species, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of Cryptosporidium spp. were conducted using genotyping and subtyping tools. In the cross-sectional survey, analysis of 634 faecal samples from two farms identified only C. bovis and C. ryanae in pre-weaned calves. Two birth cohorts of 61 and 78 calves were followed longitudinally over a 12 month period, which revealed the shedding of C. bovis oocysts started at 1–2 weeks of age and peaked initially at 6–8 weeks of age. Altogether calves experienced four infections by six subtype families of C. bovis, with each infection caused by different subtype families. In contrast, the shedding of C. ryanae oocysts started at 2–4 weeks of age, and the two infections were caused by different subtype families. The cumulative incidence of C. bovis infection was 100% (58/58, 32/32) on both farms, compared with 84.4–98.3% (27/32 and 57/58) for C. ryanae infection. Overall, the mean duration of oocyst shedding in the cohort studies was 3.8–4.0 weeks for C. bovis compared with 2.1 weeks for C. ryanae. The oocyst shedding intensity was high (mean oocysts per gram of faeces was over 10⁵) during the first infection with each species but became significantly lower in the later infections. Cryptosporidium ryanae was associated with the occurrence of diarrhea on one farm, while C. bovis was not. The data indicate that there is an early occurrence of C. bovis and C. ryanae in pre-weaned calves with high infection intensity in the absence of C. parvum. Calves infected with the same Cryptosporidium sp. multiple times could be associated with the presence of subtype-specific immunity.

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纵向随访显示不同亚型家族在奶牛中连续发生牛隐孢子虫和瑞安隐孢子虫感染

牛隐孢子虫和瑞安隐孢子虫是引起牛隐孢子病的常见物种。迄今为止积累的数据表明，在有隐孢子虫和没有隐孢子虫的地区，这两个物种的感染模式可能不同。为了更好地了解这两个物种的感染动态，使用基因分型和亚型工具对隐孢子虫进行了横断面和纵向研究。在横断面调查中，对来自两个农场的634份粪便样本进行了分析，在断奶前的小牛中只发现了牛C.bovis和瑞安C.ryanae。在12个月的时间里，对61头和78头小牛的两个出生队列进行了纵向跟踪，结果显示牛C.bovis卵囊的脱落始于1-2周大，最初在6-8周大时达到峰值。小牛共经历了四次由六个亚型牛C.bovis家族引起的感染，每一次感染都由不同的亚型家族引起。相反，C.ryanae卵囊的脱落始于2-4周大，这两种感染是由不同的亚型家族引起的。两个农场的牛圆线虫感染累计发生率均为100%（58/58，32/32），而瑞安圆线虫感染的累计发生率为84.4-98.3%（27/32和57/58）。总体而言，在队列研究中，牛C.bovis卵囊脱落的平均持续时间为3.8-4.0周，而瑞安C.ryanae为2.1周。在第一次感染每个物种期间，卵囊脱落强度很高（每克粪便的平均卵囊数超过105个），但在后来的感染中明显降低。ryanae隐孢子虫与一个农场腹泻的发生有关，而牛隐孢子虫则不然。数据表明，在没有细小C.parvum的情况下，牛C.bovis和ryanae在高感染强度的断奶前小牛中早期发生。多次感染同一隐孢子虫的小牛可能与亚型特异性免疫的存在有关。

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来源期刊

International journal for parasitology 医学-寄生虫学

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

2.50%

发文量

审稿时长

23 days

期刊介绍： International Journal for Parasitology offers authors the option to sponsor nonsubscriber access to their articles on Elsevier electronic publishing platforms. For more information please view our Sponsored Articles page. The International Journal for Parasitology publishes the results of original research in all aspects of basic and applied parasitology, including all the fields covered by its Specialist Editors, and ranging from parasites and host-parasite relationships of intrinsic biological interest to those of social and economic importance in human and veterinary medicine and agriculture.