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{"title":"Endothelial Cells and the Cerebral Circulation.","authors":"Theresa A Lansdell, Laura C Chambers, Anne M Dorrance","doi":"10.1002/cphy.c210015","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endothelial cells form the innermost layer of all blood vessels and are the only vascular component that remains throughout all vascular segments. The cerebral vasculature has several unique properties not found in the peripheral circulation; this requires that the cerebral endothelium be considered as a unique entity. Cerebral endothelial cells perform several functions vital for brain health. The cerebral vasculature is responsible for protecting the brain from external threats carried in the blood. The endothelial cells are central to this requirement as they form the basis of the blood-brain barrier. The endothelium also regulates fibrinolysis, thrombosis, platelet activation, vascular permeability, metabolism, catabolism, inflammation, and white cell trafficking. Endothelial cells regulate the changes in vascular structure caused by angiogenesis and artery remodeling. Further, the endothelium contributes to vascular tone, allowing proper perfusion of the brain which has high energy demands and no energy stores. In this article, we discuss the basic anatomy and physiology of the cerebral endothelium. Where appropriate, we discuss the detrimental effects of high blood pressure on the cerebral endothelium and the contribution of cerebrovascular disease endothelial dysfunction and dementia. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3449-3508, 2022.</p>","PeriodicalId":10573,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive Physiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2000,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Comprehensive Physiology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c210015","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PHYSIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Endothelial cells form the innermost layer of all blood vessels and are the only vascular component that remains throughout all vascular segments. The cerebral vasculature has several unique properties not found in the peripheral circulation; this requires that the cerebral endothelium be considered as a unique entity. Cerebral endothelial cells perform several functions vital for brain health. The cerebral vasculature is responsible for protecting the brain from external threats carried in the blood. The endothelial cells are central to this requirement as they form the basis of the blood-brain barrier. The endothelium also regulates fibrinolysis, thrombosis, platelet activation, vascular permeability, metabolism, catabolism, inflammation, and white cell trafficking. Endothelial cells regulate the changes in vascular structure caused by angiogenesis and artery remodeling. Further, the endothelium contributes to vascular tone, allowing proper perfusion of the brain which has high energy demands and no energy stores. In this article, we discuss the basic anatomy and physiology of the cerebral endothelium. Where appropriate, we discuss the detrimental effects of high blood pressure on the cerebral endothelium and the contribution of cerebrovascular disease endothelial dysfunction and dementia. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3449-3508, 2022.
内皮细胞与脑循环。
内皮细胞形成所有血管的最内层,是贯穿所有血管节段的唯一血管成分。脑血管系统具有外周循环所没有的一些独特特性;这就要求将脑内皮视为一个独特的实体。脑内皮细胞对大脑健康起着至关重要的作用。脑血管系统负责保护大脑免受血液中携带的外部威胁。内皮细胞是这一要求的核心,因为它们构成了血脑屏障的基础。内皮也调节纤维蛋白溶解、血栓形成、血小板活化、血管通透性、代谢、分解代谢、炎症和白细胞运输。内皮细胞调节血管生成和动脉重塑引起的血管结构变化。此外,内皮有助于血管张力,允许大脑的适当灌注,这是高能量需求和没有能量储存。本文讨论了脑内皮的基本解剖和生理。在适当的情况下,我们讨论高血压对脑内皮的有害影响以及脑血管疾病内皮功能障碍和痴呆的贡献。©2022美国生理学会。中国生物医学工程学报(英文版),2016。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。