Effectiveness of educational and training intervention for improving hand hygiene compliance amongst nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Abstract

Background and aims: Developing and implementing an educational and training programmes for improving hand hygiene compliance of the nursing personnel might help in increasing their knowledge, promoting positive attitude and follow adequate practice measures.

Material and methods: Systematic search was done in PubMed, SCOPUS, CENTRAL, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Clinicaltrials.gov and Google Scholar databases for articles published between 1964 and December 2022. Meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects model, and the results were reported as pooled risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), pooled standardised mean differences (SMD) or risk ratios (RR).

Results: Eight studies were included in the analysis. Most studies had higher risk of bias. Nurses receiving educational and training programmes had significantly higher compliance to hand hygiene practices (pooled RR of 1.69 [95% CI: 1.23-2.31; I²  =  99.1%], p  =  0.001). The pooled analysis based on studies reporting the compliance to hand hygiene as continuous outcome has reported the pooled SMD as 1.28 with 95% CI: 0.62 to 1.95 and I²  =  74.5%. There were no single-study effects with respect to this outcome, since the sensitivity analysis showed no difference in either direction or strength of effect estimate.

Conclusion: Educational and training programmes are effective in improving the hand hygiene compliance amongst the nursing professionals.