Efficacy of Labial Split-Thickness Eversion Periosteoplasty for Soft Tissue Management in Posterior Mandibular Horizontal Ridge Augmentation Procedures: A Prospective Clinical Study.

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of split-thickness labial eversion periosteoplasty (EPP) for soft tissue closure in horizontal ridge augmentation of posterior mandibular regions using a bone shell onlay grafting technique. Materials and Methods: Sixteen patients (12 female and 4 male; mean age: 46.2 ± 8.7 years) with 18 horizontal bone defects in posterior mandibular regions were included for lateral onlay bone grafting using the bone shell technique. After lateral bone augmentation, the EPP was used for soft tissue closure and was prospectively followed up for wound healing efficacy using a modified scoring index. The scoring index included dichotomous (yes: 0 / no: 1) evaluation of the following items: (1) bleeding on palpation or spontaneously, (2) tissue color difference, (3) presence of hematoma, (4) presence of granulation tissue, (5) incomplete incision margin closure, (6) dehiscence with visible augmentation material, (7) presence of exudation, and (8) presence of suppuration. In addition, a visual analog scale (VAS) was used to quantify and record the amount of pain and swelling (0 = no pain/swelling and 5 = severe pain/swelling); VAS scores of 0, 1, and 2 were rated as 1 in the dichotomous scoring index, and VAS scores of 3, 4, and 5 were rated as 0. A summarized wound healing score consisting of all 10 items was assessed at days 2, 7, and 14 and at months 1 and 4 postoperatively, including a comparison of the follow-up evaluations. Results: The summarized healing score increased significantly (P < .01) between day 2 (score: 6.6 ± 1.1) and day 7 (score: 8.9 ± 1.0) but showed little difference between day 14 (score: 9.6 ± 0.6) and the 1- and 4-month follow-ups (score: 10.0 ± 0). There was no wound dehiscence and no incomplete incision margin adaptation. For the individual parameters evaluated, bleeding on palpation, hematoma, and exudation were the most frequent side effects at day 2 at 50%, 100%, and 22.2%, respectively, and at day 7 at 16.7%, 55.6%, and 22.2%, respectively. The average pain score and the swelling/edema score were initially 4.0 ± 0 and 3.0 ± 0.77 on day 2, with a significant decrease (P < .001) by day 7 (pain: 2.0 ± 0; edema/swelling: 2.0 ± 0.59) and day 14 (pain: 1.0 ± 0.42; edema/swelling: 2.0 ± 0.79) and complete absence (score: 0) at months 1 and 4. Conclusions: Labial split-thickness EPP facilitates flap advancement and enables tight soft tissue coverage in large horizontal posterior mandibular bone augmentations as a result of offset double-layer wound closure. Although this procedure is shown to be surgically demanding, the postoperative complication rate may be reduced significantly.