Implicit and explicit COVID-19 associations and mental health in the United States: a large-scale examination and replication.

IF 2.3 3区心理学 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Anxiety Stress and Coping Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-09 DOI:10.1080/10615806.2023.2176486

Alexandra Werntz, Brian A O'Shea, Gustav Sjobeck, Jennifer Howell, Kristen P Lindgren, Bethany A Teachman

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Given the sensitive nature of COVID-19 beliefs, evaluating them explicitly and implicitly may provide a fuller picture of how these beliefs vary based on identities and how they relate to mental health.

Objective: Three novel brief implicit association tests (BIATs) were created and evaluated: two that measured COVID-19-as-dangerous (vs. safe) and one that measured COVID-19 precautions-as-necessary (vs. unnecessary). Implicit and explicit COVID-19 associations were examined based on individuals' demographic characteristics. Implicit associations were hypothesized to uniquely contribute to individuals' self-reports of mental health.

Methods: Participants (N = 13,413 US residents; April-November 2020) were volunteers for a COVID-19 study. Participants completed one BIAT and self-report measures. This was a preregistered study with a planned internal replication.

Results: Results revealed older age was weakly associated with stronger implicit and explicit associations of COVID-as-dangerous and precautions-as-necessary. Black and Asian individuals reported greater necessity of taking precautions than White individuals (with small-to-medium effects); greater education was associated with greater explicit reports of COVID-19-as-dangerous and precautions-as-necessary with small effects. Replicated relationships between COVID-as-dangerous explicit associations and mental health had very small effects.

Conclusions: Implicit associations did not predict mental health but there was evidence that stronger COVID-19-as-dangerous explicit associations are weakly associated with worse mental health.

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美国隐性和显性COVID-19关联与心理健康:大规模检查和复制

背景：鉴于新冠肺炎信仰的敏感性，明确和隐含地评估它们可能会更全面地了解这些信仰如何因身份而变化，以及它们与心理健康的关系。目的：创建并评估了三种新的简短内隐关联测试（BIAT）：两种测量新冠肺炎是危险的（与安全的），一种测量新冠肺炎预防措施是必要的（与不必要的）。根据个体的人口统计学特征，研究了新冠肺炎的内隐和外显关联。假设内隐关联对个体的心理健康自我报告有独特的贡献。方法：参与者（N = 13413名美国居民；2020年4月至11月）是新冠肺炎研究的志愿者。参与者完成了一项BIAT和自我报告措施。这是一项预先注册的研究，计划进行内部复制。结果：结果显示，年龄较大与新冠肺炎的危险性和必要的预防措施之间的内隐和外显关联较弱。据报告，黑人和亚裔比白人更有必要采取预防措施（具有中小型影响）；更多的教育与更多关于COVID-19是危险的和预防措施的明确报告有关，这些措施是必要的，影响很小。新冠肺炎作为危险的显性关联与心理健康之间的复制关系影响非常小。结论：内隐关联不能预测心理健康，但有证据表明，更强的COVID-19危险外显关联与更糟糕的心理健康弱相关。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Anxiety Stress and Coping Multiple-

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

期刊介绍： This journal provides a forum for scientific, theoretically important, and clinically significant research reports and conceptual contributions. It deals with experimental and field studies on anxiety dimensions and stress and coping processes, but also with related topics such as the antecedents and consequences of stress and emotion. We also encourage submissions contributing to the understanding of the relationship between psychological and physiological processes, specific for stress and anxiety. Manuscripts should report novel findings that are of interest to an international readership. While the journal is open to a diversity of articles.