The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 lineages and associated saliva antibody responses among asymptomatic individuals in a large university community.

IF 6.7 1区 医学 Q1 Immunology and Microbiology
PLoS Pathogens Pub Date : 2023-08-21 eCollection Date: 2023-08-01 DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1011596
Marlena R Merling, Amanda Williams, Najmus S Mahfooz, Marisa Ruane-Foster, Jacob Smith, Jeff Jahnes, Leona W Ayers, Jose A Bazan, Alison Norris, Abigail Norris Turner, Michael Oglesbee, Seth A Faith, Mikkel B Quam, Richard T Robinson
{"title":"The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 lineages and associated saliva antibody responses among asymptomatic individuals in a large university community.","authors":"Marlena R Merling,&nbsp;Amanda Williams,&nbsp;Najmus S Mahfooz,&nbsp;Marisa Ruane-Foster,&nbsp;Jacob Smith,&nbsp;Jeff Jahnes,&nbsp;Leona W Ayers,&nbsp;Jose A Bazan,&nbsp;Alison Norris,&nbsp;Abigail Norris Turner,&nbsp;Michael Oglesbee,&nbsp;Seth A Faith,&nbsp;Mikkel B Quam,&nbsp;Richard T Robinson","doi":"10.1371/journal.ppat.1011596","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SARS-CoV-2 (CoV2) infected, asymptomatic individuals are an important contributor to COVID transmission. CoV2-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)-as generated by the immune system following infection or vaccination-has helped limit CoV2 transmission from asymptomatic individuals to susceptible populations (e.g. elderly). Here, we describe the relationships between COVID incidence and CoV2 lineage, viral load, saliva Ig levels (CoV2-specific IgM, IgA and IgG), and ACE2 binding inhibition capacity in asymptomatic individuals between January 2021 and May 2022. These data were generated as part of a large university COVID monitoring program in Ohio, United States of America, and demonstrate that COVID incidence among asymptomatic individuals occurred in waves which mirrored those in surrounding regions, with saliva CoV2 viral loads becoming progressively higher in our community until vaccine mandates were established. Among the unvaccinated, infection with each CoV2 lineage (pre-Omicron) resulted in saliva Spike-specific IgM, IgA, and IgG responses, the latter increasing significantly post-infection and being more pronounced than N-specific IgG responses. Vaccination resulted in significantly higher Spike-specific IgG levels compared to unvaccinated infected individuals, and uninfected vaccinees' saliva was more capable of inhibiting Spike function. Vaccinees with breakthrough Delta infections had Spike-specific IgG levels comparable to those of uninfected vaccinees; however, their ability to inhibit Spike binding was diminished. These data are consistent with COVID vaccines having achieved hoped-for effects in our community, including the generation of mucosal antibodies that inhibit Spike and lower community viral loads, and suggest breakthrough Delta infections were not due to an absence of vaccine-elicited Ig, but instead limited Spike binding activity in the face of high community viral loads.</p>","PeriodicalId":20178,"journal":{"name":"PLoS Pathogens","volume":"19 8","pages":"e1011596"},"PeriodicalIF":6.7000,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10470930/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"PLoS Pathogens","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011596","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2023/8/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"Immunology and Microbiology","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 (CoV2) infected, asymptomatic individuals are an important contributor to COVID transmission. CoV2-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)-as generated by the immune system following infection or vaccination-has helped limit CoV2 transmission from asymptomatic individuals to susceptible populations (e.g. elderly). Here, we describe the relationships between COVID incidence and CoV2 lineage, viral load, saliva Ig levels (CoV2-specific IgM, IgA and IgG), and ACE2 binding inhibition capacity in asymptomatic individuals between January 2021 and May 2022. These data were generated as part of a large university COVID monitoring program in Ohio, United States of America, and demonstrate that COVID incidence among asymptomatic individuals occurred in waves which mirrored those in surrounding regions, with saliva CoV2 viral loads becoming progressively higher in our community until vaccine mandates were established. Among the unvaccinated, infection with each CoV2 lineage (pre-Omicron) resulted in saliva Spike-specific IgM, IgA, and IgG responses, the latter increasing significantly post-infection and being more pronounced than N-specific IgG responses. Vaccination resulted in significantly higher Spike-specific IgG levels compared to unvaccinated infected individuals, and uninfected vaccinees' saliva was more capable of inhibiting Spike function. Vaccinees with breakthrough Delta infections had Spike-specific IgG levels comparable to those of uninfected vaccinees; however, their ability to inhibit Spike binding was diminished. These data are consistent with COVID vaccines having achieved hoped-for effects in our community, including the generation of mucosal antibodies that inhibit Spike and lower community viral loads, and suggest breakthrough Delta infections were not due to an absence of vaccine-elicited Ig, but instead limited Spike binding activity in the face of high community viral loads.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

在一个大型大学社区的无症状个体中出现严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型谱系和相关唾液抗体反应。
严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型(CoV2)感染者、无症状个体是新冠病毒传播的重要因素。感染或接种疫苗后免疫系统产生的CoV2特异性免疫球蛋白(Ig)有助于限制CoV2从无症状个体向易感人群(如老年人)的传播。在这里,我们描述了2021年1月至2022年5月期间无症状个体的新冠肺炎发病率与CoV2谱系、病毒载量、唾液Ig水平(CoV2特异性IgM、IgA和IgG)以及ACE2结合抑制能力之间的关系。这些数据是作为美国俄亥俄州一个大型大学新冠肺炎监测项目的一部分生成的,并表明无症状个体中的新冠肺炎发病率呈波浪状发生,与周围地区的发病率相似,在疫苗强制接种之前,我们社区的唾液CoV2病毒载量越来越高。在未接种疫苗的人群中,每个CoV2谱系(奥密克戎前)的感染都会导致唾液Spike特异性IgM、IgA和IgG反应,后者在感染后显著增加,比N-特异性IgG反应更明显。与未接种疫苗的感染者相比,接种疫苗导致刺突特异性IgG水平显著升高,未接种疫苗者的唾液更能抑制刺突功能。具有突破性德尔塔感染的疫苗接种者的刺突特异性IgG水平与未感染疫苗接种者相当;然而,它们抑制Spike结合的能力减弱。这些数据与新冠肺炎疫苗在我们的社区中实现了预期效果一致,包括产生抑制刺突和降低社区病毒载量的粘膜抗体,并表明突破性德尔塔感染并非由于缺乏疫苗引发的Ig,而是在高社区病毒载率的情况下限制了刺突结合活性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
PLoS Pathogens
PLoS Pathogens 生物-病毒学
CiteScore
11.40
自引率
3.00%
发文量
598
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Bacteria, fungi, parasites, prions and viruses cause a plethora of diseases that have important medical, agricultural, and economic consequences. Moreover, the study of microbes continues to provide novel insights into such fundamental processes as the molecular basis of cellular and organismal function.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信