Age-period-cohort analysis of depression trends: are depressive symptoms increasing across generations in Germany?

IF 3.7 2区 社会学 Q1 GERONTOLOGY
Johannes Beller
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引用次数: 5

Abstract

Several studies have examined trends in depression, but only few have explicitly considered possible generational differences. I examined changes in the burden of depressive symptoms between 2002 and 2017 according to age, time period and birth cohort in Germany. I used population-based data drawn from the German Aging Survey (N = 33,723, 54% female, ages 40 +) from 2002, 2008, 2011, 2014, and 2017. Depressive symptoms were measured via the CES-D 15. Hierarchical age-period-cohort models were used to examine trends in depression. I found that depressive symptoms changed across age, time period and birth cohorts. While there was a general decrease across time periods, strong evidence for a U-shaped cohort effect was also found: Younger generations, beginning with cohorts born after the World War II, increasingly report more depressive symptoms than older generations. This U-shaped cohort trend appeared most pronounced for the somatic symptoms subscale. Contrarily, only minimal cohort differences were found regarding the positive affect subscale. Therefore, depressive symptoms, and especially somatic symptoms, seem to increase in more recent birth cohorts in Germany, who might thus be at risk to experience more mental health problems in the future. Potential reasons for these trends and the generalizability of the results to other countries should be investigated by future studies.

抑郁趋势的年龄期队列分析:德国的抑郁症状是否在代际间增加?
一些研究调查了抑郁症的趋势,但只有少数研究明确考虑了可能的代际差异。我根据德国的年龄、时间段和出生队列,研究了2002年至2017年间抑郁症状负担的变化。我使用了2002年、2008年、2011年、2014年和2017年德国老龄化调查(N = 33,723, 54%为女性,40岁以上)中基于人口的数据。通过ces - d15量表测量抑郁症状。分层年龄-时期-队列模型被用来研究抑郁症的趋势。我发现抑郁症状随着年龄、时间和出生队列的不同而变化。虽然各个时期的抑郁症状普遍下降,但也发现了u型群体效应的有力证据:从二战后出生的年轻人开始,他们报告的抑郁症状越来越多,比老一辈人多。这种u型队列趋势在躯体症状亚量表中表现得最为明显。相反,在积极影响分量表上,只有很小的队列差异。因此,抑郁症状,尤其是躯体症状,似乎在德国最近出生的人群中有所增加,因此,他们未来可能面临更多精神健康问题的风险。未来的研究应调查这些趋势的潜在原因以及结果是否可推广到其他国家。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.50
自引率
7.90%
发文量
72
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Ageing: Social, Behavioural and Health Perspectives is an interdisciplinary journal devoted to the understanding of ageing in European societies and the world over. EJA publishes original articles on the social, behavioral and population health aspects of ageing and encourages an integrated approach between these aspects. Emphasis is put on publishing empirical research (including meta-analyses), but conceptual papers (including narrative reviews) and methodological contributions will also be considered. EJA welcomes expert opinions on critical issues in ageing. By stimulating communication between researchers and those using research findings, it aims to contribute to the formulation of better policies and the development of better practice in serving older adults. To further specify, with the term ''social'' is meant the full scope of social science of ageing related research from the micro to the macro level of analysis. With the term ''behavioural'' the full scope of psychological ageing research including life span approaches based on a range of age groups from young to old is envisaged. The term ''population health-related'' denotes social-epidemiological and public health oriented research including research on functional health in the widest possible sense.
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