{"title":"调查工作压力对早期退出劳动力市场的影响:健康的作用。","authors":"Lisa Toczek, Richard Peter","doi":"10.1007/s10433-023-00778-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early labour market exit of large birth cohorts will put pressure on the social security systems of many European countries, especially Germany. Despite political efforts, many people retire before the statutory retirement age. A well-known predictor of retirement is health, which, in turn, is influenced by psychosocial working conditions such as work-related stress. This study examined whether work stress is associated with early labour market exit. In addition, we investigated whether health mediates this association. Survey data of the German Cohort Study on Work, Age, Health and Work Participation (lidA study) were linked to register data from the Federal Employment Agency, from which information on labour market exit was obtained (n = 3636). During a 6-year follow-up period, Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the influence of work-related stress and health on early labour market exit, adjusting for sex, age, education, occupational status, income and supervisor behaviour. Work-related stress was measured by effort-reward imbalance (ERI). Additionally, a mediation analysis was conducted to investigate a possible mediation of the association between ERI and early labour market exit by self-rated health. Higher work-related stress increased the likelihood of early labour market exit (HR 1.86; 95% CI 1.19-2.92). However, when including health in the Cox regression, the significant effect of work-related stress disappeared. Poor health was a risk factor for early labour market exit (HR 1.49; 95% CI 1.26-1.76) independent of all confounders. The results of the mediation analysis showed that self-rated health mediated the association between ERI and early labour market exit. The balance between effort and reward at work plays a major role in improving the self-rated health of workers. Interventions that reduce work-related stress can help to improve health and thus to maintain older employees in the German labour market.</p>","PeriodicalId":47766,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ageing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7000,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10323059/pdf/","citationCount":"2","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Investigating the influence of work-related stress on early labour market exit: the role of health.\",\"authors\":\"Lisa Toczek, Richard Peter\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10433-023-00778-7\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Early labour market exit of large birth cohorts will put pressure on the social security systems of many European countries, especially Germany. 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引用次数: 2
摘要
大批出生人口提前退出劳动力市场，将给许多欧洲国家(尤其是德国)的社会保障体系带来压力。尽管有政治上的努力，许多人在法定退休年龄之前就退休了。众所周知的退休预测指标是健康状况，而健康状况又受到工作压力等社会心理工作条件的影响。这项研究调查了工作压力是否与提前退出劳动力市场有关。此外，我们调查了健康是否介导这种关联。德国工作、年龄、健康和工作参与队列研究(lidA研究)的调查数据与联邦就业局的登记数据相关联，从中获得了关于劳动力市场退出的信息(n = 3636)。在6年的随访期间，采用Cox比例风险模型，在调整性别、年龄、教育程度、职业状况、收入和主管行为等因素后，调查工作压力和健康状况对提前退出劳动力市场的影响。工作压力是通过努力-回报不平衡(ERI)来衡量的。此外，还进行了一项中介分析，以调查ERI与自评健康状况提前退出劳动力市场之间可能存在的中介关系。较高的工作压力增加了提前退出劳动力市场的可能性(HR 1.86;95% ci 1.19-2.92)。然而，当在Cox回归中加入健康因素时，工作压力的显著影响消失了。健康状况不佳是提前退出劳动力市场的一个风险因素(HR 1.49;95% CI 1.26-1.76)独立于所有混杂因素。中介分析结果显示，自评健康在ERI与早期劳动力市场退出之间起中介作用。在工作中努力和回报之间的平衡在改善员工自我评价的健康方面起着重要作用。减少工作压力的干预措施有助于改善健康状况，从而使老年雇员留在德国劳动力市场。
Investigating the influence of work-related stress on early labour market exit: the role of health.
Early labour market exit of large birth cohorts will put pressure on the social security systems of many European countries, especially Germany. Despite political efforts, many people retire before the statutory retirement age. A well-known predictor of retirement is health, which, in turn, is influenced by psychosocial working conditions such as work-related stress. This study examined whether work stress is associated with early labour market exit. In addition, we investigated whether health mediates this association. Survey data of the German Cohort Study on Work, Age, Health and Work Participation (lidA study) were linked to register data from the Federal Employment Agency, from which information on labour market exit was obtained (n = 3636). During a 6-year follow-up period, Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the influence of work-related stress and health on early labour market exit, adjusting for sex, age, education, occupational status, income and supervisor behaviour. Work-related stress was measured by effort-reward imbalance (ERI). Additionally, a mediation analysis was conducted to investigate a possible mediation of the association between ERI and early labour market exit by self-rated health. Higher work-related stress increased the likelihood of early labour market exit (HR 1.86; 95% CI 1.19-2.92). However, when including health in the Cox regression, the significant effect of work-related stress disappeared. Poor health was a risk factor for early labour market exit (HR 1.49; 95% CI 1.26-1.76) independent of all confounders. The results of the mediation analysis showed that self-rated health mediated the association between ERI and early labour market exit. The balance between effort and reward at work plays a major role in improving the self-rated health of workers. Interventions that reduce work-related stress can help to improve health and thus to maintain older employees in the German labour market.
期刊介绍：
The European Journal of Ageing: Social, Behavioural and Health Perspectives is an interdisciplinary journal devoted to the understanding of ageing in European societies and the world over.
EJA publishes original articles on the social, behavioral and population health aspects of ageing and encourages an integrated approach between these aspects.
Emphasis is put on publishing empirical research (including meta-analyses), but conceptual papers (including narrative reviews) and methodological contributions will also be considered.
EJA welcomes expert opinions on critical issues in ageing.
By stimulating communication between researchers and those using research findings, it aims to contribute to the formulation of better policies and the development of better practice in serving older adults.
To further specify, with the term ''social'' is meant the full scope of social science of ageing related research from the micro to the macro level of analysis. With the term ''behavioural'' the full scope of psychological ageing research including life span approaches based on a range of age groups from young to old is envisaged. The term ''population health-related'' denotes social-epidemiological and public health oriented research including research on functional health in the widest possible sense.
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