Nesa Fani, Maria Peshkova, Polina Bikmulina, Reihaneh Golroo, Peter Timashev, Massoud Vosough
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This review aims to describe the most recent achievements and provide an insight into cartilage engineering and strategies to restore the cartilage defects. Here, we discuss cell types, biomaterials, and biochemical factors applied to form cartilage tissue equivalents and update the status of fabrication techniques, which are used at all stages of engineering the cartilage. The actualized concept to improve the cartilage tissue restoration is based on applying personalized products fabricated using a full cycle platform: a bioprinter, a bioink consisted of ECM-embedded autologous cell aggregates, and a bioreactor. Moreover, in situ platforms can help to skip some steps and enable adjusting the newly formed tissue in the place during the operation. Only some achievements described have passed first stages of clinical translation; nevertheless, the number of their preclinical and clinical trials is expected to grow in the nearest future.
期刊介绍：
The scope of the Journal includes:
1. The derivation, genetic modification and characterization of cell lines, genetic and phenotypic regulation, control of cellular metabolism, cell physiology and biochemistry related to cell function, performance and expression of cell products.
2. Cell culture techniques, substrates, environmental requirements and optimization, cloning, hybridization and molecular biology, including genomic and proteomic tools.
3. Cell culture systems, processes, reactors, scale-up, and industrial production. Descriptions of the design or construction of equipment, media or quality control procedures, that are ancillary to cellular research.
4. The application of animal/human cells in research in the field of stem cell research including maintenance of stemness, differentiation, genetics, and senescence, cancer research, research in immunology, as well as applications in tissue engineering and gene therapy.
5. The use of cell cultures as a substrate for bioassays, biomedical applications and in particular as a replacement for animal models.
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