多发性硬化症的社会认知障碍:执行(障碍)功能的作用

IF 2.6 3区 心理学 Q3 NEUROSCIENCES
Neuropsychology Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-29 DOI:10.1037/neu0000917
Charlotte R Pennington, Michelle C-S-Y Oxtoby, Daniel J Shaw
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:多发性硬化症(MS)是一种慢性中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病,会导致一系列潜在的运动和认知障碍。后者既会影响协调一般目标导向行为的执行功能,也会影响支持我们与他人互动和维持健康人际关系能力的社会认知过程。尽管对多发性硬化症认知症状的研究由来已久,但目前仍不确定社会认知障碍是独立于更基础的执行功能而发生的,还是反映了更基础的执行功能的潜在障碍。本研究对这一问题进行了直接调查:采用实验设计,我们对 134 名多发性硬化症患者和 134 名年龄和性别匹配的健康对照者(HCs)进行了一系列在线计算机化任务。三项任务测量了执行功能的要素(工作记忆、反应抑制和转换),两项任务评估了多发性硬化症患者最常受到干扰的社会认知要素(情绪感知和心智理论):结果:与匹配的普通人相比,多发性硬化症患者的工作记忆(d = .31)、反应抑制(d = -.26)、情绪感知(d = .32)和心智理论(d = .35)均较差。此外,探索性中介分析显示,工作记忆的表现约占社会认知两项测量中群体差异的 20%:结论:工作记忆紊乱似乎是多发性硬化症社会认知紊乱的机制之一。未来的研究应探讨将工作记忆训练纳入认知康复计划的益处是否会转移到这些社会认知过程中。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Social cognitive disruptions in multiple sclerosis: The role of executive (dys)function.

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, resulting in a range of potential motor and cognitive impairments. The latter can affect both executive functions that orchestrate general goal-directed behavior and social cognitive processes that support our ability to interact with others and maintain healthy interpersonal relationships. Despite a long history of research into the cognitive symptoms of MS, it remains uncertain if social cognitive disruptions occur independently of, or reflect underlying disturbances to, more foundational executive functions. The present preregistered study investigated this directly.

Method: Employing an experimental design, we administered a battery of computerized tasks online to a large sample comprising 134 individuals with MS and 134 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Three tasks measured elements of executive function (working memory, response inhibition, and switching) and two assessed components of social cognition disrupted most commonly in MS (emotion perception and theory of mind).

Results: Individuals with MS exhibited poorer working memory (d = .31), response inhibition (d = -.26), emotion perception (d = .32), and theory of mind (d = .35) compared with matched HCs. Furthermore, exploratory mediation analyses revealed that working memory performance accounted for approximately 20% of the group differences in both measures of social cognition.

Conclusions: Disruptions to working memory appear to serve as one of the mechanisms underpinning disturbances to social cognition in MS. Future research should examine if the benefits of cognitive rehabilitation programs that incorporate working memory training transfer to these social cognitive processes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

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来源期刊
Neuropsychology
Neuropsychology 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
4.20%
发文量
132
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Neuropsychology publishes original, empirical research; systematic reviews and meta-analyses; and theoretical articles on the relation between brain and human cognitive, emotional, and behavioral function.
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