Changes in bacterial diversity and community structure in drinking water distribution system revealed by high throughput sequencing.

For microbiological management of water quality, it is important to identify bacteria and to understand the community structure. To analyze the community structure during water purification and distribution, we selected a distribution system in which water from other water treatment facilities was not mixed with the target water. Changes in the bacterial community structure during treatment and distribution processes in a slow filtration water treatment facility were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing with a portable sequencer MinION. The microbial diversity was reduced by chlorination. The genus level diversity increased during distribution and this diversity was maintained through to the terminal tap water. Yersinia and Aeromonas were dominant in the intake water, and Legionella was dominant in the slow sand filtered water. Chlorination greatly reduced the relative abundance of Yersinia, Aeromonas, and Legionella, and these bacteria were not detected in the terminal tap water. Sphingomonas, Starkeya and Methylobacterium became dominant in the water after chlorination. These bacteria could be used as important indicator bacteria to provide useful information for microbiological control in drinking water distribution systems.